Colonies Review
Thirteen Colonies Colonies established by the English broken up into 3 sections New England- Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Hampshire Middle- New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware Southern- North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, Maryland, Georgia
New England Country- England Key People- John Winthrop- Mass. Thomas Hooker-Conn. Roger Williams- R.I. Description- -very little farming- too cold and rocky. Subsistence farming. -fishing- huge supply of cod, oysters, lobsters. -trade- easy access to trade with Britain.
Middle Colonies Country: Dutch, English Key people: William Penn (Pennsylvania) Description: -very diverse -some farming and trading -Quakers form a religious settlement
Southern Colonies Country- English Key People- Virginia- John Smith Maryland- George Calvert Georgia- James Oglethorpe Description: -large plantations -slave labor -very fertile land -long growing season -grow cash crops: tobacco, rice, indigo, tobacco
Roger Williams- Puritan who left Massachusetts Bay Colony and Established Rhode Island James Oglethorp - English general who founded Georgia Colony, as a debtors colony William Penn- Quaker leader who establishes the Pennsylvania Colony, a model of freedom and tolerance
Quakers A. William Penn-leader of Quakers B. Quakers refused to support Church of England, pay taxes, or serve in the army C. King Charles II owed Penn’s father money and gave Penn land in North America
Types of Colonial Charters Proprietary Colonies – colonial charter given to one or more individuals (proprietors) (i.e. Pennsylvania) Company (charter) Colonies – colonial charter given to a company or group of settlers (i.e. Virginia) Royal Colonies – colonies directly controlled by the crown (i.e. New York)
Act of Toleration 1649 The Act of Toleration was formed and passed The Act of Toleration-provided religious freedom for all Christians Passed in Maryland
Debtors- people who owe money Indentured Servant- people whose passage to the new world was paid for in exchange for working for a period of 5 to 7 years Puritans- Protestant sect that wanted to purify the Church of England, establish in the New England Colonies
Bacon’s Rebellion Plantations were growing and the economy was doing well Colonial officials began demanding more taxes Mid 1600s poor colonists began to protest because they couldn’t pay Also felt colonial government was not protecting them from Native Americans 1676-Nathaniel Bacon led groups of former indentured servants to attack friendly Native Americans
Growth of Slavery Enslaved Africans used farming skills they brought from Africa By 1700’s plantations in the South had come to rely on slave labor Major force in economy of south
Representative Government House of Burgesses- the first representative government of the Jamestown colony Mayflower Compact- Document establishing guideline to self government, written by Pilgrims Fundamental Orders of Connecticut- establishes self government in colony of Connecticut
The Great Awakening Widespread Christian movement involving sermons and revivals that emphasized faith in God and Calvinist teachings Led by preacher John Edwards Foundations for American Revolution