1. Unit 2: Foundations of Government- The Thirteen Colonies: Describe how geographic diversity influenced economic, social, and political life in colonial North America

2. Essential Question: Why did the early colonists come to America? How did the colonies shape the people and institutions of the colonies?

3. II: The Thirteen Colonies Three Geographic Regions New England Colonies Middle Colonies Southern Colonies Proprietary Colony: owner or proprietor owned the land and controlled the land-appointed by King of England A Charter- written document granting land and authority to set up colonial governments. Self- governing colonies. Royal Colony: owned and ruled by the King directly.

4. III: A: New England Colonies: Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Hampshire 1. Massachusetts. Pilgrims left England for the New World on the Mayflower  Landed on Plymouth Rock in 1620  Mayflower Compact : First act of direct democracy in the New World. Small colonies, rocky shores, deep port in Boston, shipping, fishing, and eventually whaling. 2. Connecticut: Assembly wrote the first written constitution in the colonies-Called the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut. 3. Rhode Island: founded by Roger Williams- haven for all religions.

5. IV: B: The Middle Colonies: New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware. 1. New York Originally a Dutch colony (New Amsterdam) 1664-became an English colony-name change 2. Pennsylvania: William Penn received this land from Charles II (King of England) Penn was a Quaker=believed in peace and equality ( against war and slavery) Offered freedom of religion to other colonists.

6. Middle Colonies 3: New Jersey: In 1702, NJ became a royal colony= ruled and owned directly by the King of England. What is the difference between a proprietary colony and a royal colony?

7. V: C: Southern Colonies-Yeah!!!!! : North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, Maryland, and Georgia. 1. Virginia: Jamestown-founded in 1607, first English permanent settlement in the North America. Was a joint-stock company (partial ownership by investors and the Crown)- First elected Assembly in the New World- called the House of Burgesses. 2. Maryland: (1634) Founded as a haven for Catholics 3. Carolina: 1653 Lost Colony (What happened) Proprietary Colony under Sir Walter Raleigh. Loses charter. - Becomes two royal colonies in 1729. New Bern is capital of North Carolina. 4. Georgia: James Oglethorpe founded colony for English debtors and poor people who could make a fresh start. Hold off the Spanish.

8. 5. North and South Carolina Became separate colonies in 1729. New Bern is capital of NC Charles Towne is capital of SC The Piedmont of both colonies was settled by Scots-Irish who travelled down the Great Wagon Road from Pennsylvania down into the backcountry. Scots-Irish: hearty, independent minded, Presbyterian, distrustful of the British.

9. VI: People of the Colonies A: Religious Dissenters: those who followed another faith other than the Anglican church i.e. Puritans, Presbyterians, Quakers. The colonists who founded Massachusetts were called Puritans because they wanted to reform or purify the Anglican Church. The Puritans considered themselves Pilgrims (people on a religious journey). Royal governors of Massachusetts did not believe in the religious tolerance of other religions.

10. B: Religious freedom: Quakers founded Pennsylvania A proprietor founded Maryland for Catholics- Maryland Toleration Act Roger Williams received a charter to found Rhode Island, which became the first place in America to welcome people of all faiths North Carolina had several religious groups settle i.e German/Swiss Lutherans, Scots-Irish Presbyterians,Quakers.

11. III: The Economies of the 13 Colonies A: New England Colonies 2. Fishing 1. Shipbuilding B: The Middle Colonies- The Bread Basket 1. Farming- wheat, other staple crops for food C: Southern Colonies 1. Cash crops (grown for sale) a. tobacco b. rice c. indigo

13. VII: The Beginning of Slavery 1. Plantation system: large scale agriculture. 2. More work than indentured servants could do. 3. Triangular Trade: the pattern of trade that developed among the Americas, Africa, and Europe. 4. The Middle Passage: Voyage from Africa to the Americas.

14. What is Salutary Neglect? From the 1600’s up until the mid 1700’s Great Britain had left the colonies on their own. The colonies had their own governments that directed the day to day policies of the colonies. Even though the colonial assemblies had to answer to the Royal Governor and ultimately the King the people of the colonies had gotten used to being on their own. Trade laws had not been enforced and this would cause problems later on.

15. The Navigation Act 1650-1696: passed by the British Parliament, strengthen the theory of mercantilism. The Navigation Acts restricted American trade in the following ways; 1. Only British ships could transport imported and exported goods from the colonies. 2. The only people who were allowed to trade with the colonies had to be British citizens. 3. Commodities such as sugar, tobacco, and cotton wool which were produced in the colonies could be exported only to British ports.