1. Founding the 13 Colonies

2. Section 1
English defeat of the Spanish Armada ended Spanish control of the seas
Mercantilism – the theory that a nation’s power depends on its wealth (initial reason for establishing colonies)
Roanoke – first attempt at English settlement; failed
No clues to their fate… settlement deserted

3. Jamestown
In April 1607, settlers sent by the Virginia Company founded Jamestown.
no gold nor did they establish the fish or fur trading
Captain John Smith governed the colonists.
harsh winter took its toll

4. Relations with Native Americans improved when John Rolfe married Pocahontas
representative government in which men elected representatives, or burgesses, to an assembly (made local laws)
Virginia House of Burgesses – 1st representative government

5. 1619 ninety women (increase population)
twenty Africans; sold to Virginia planters to work in the tobacco fields.

6. Virginia Company -faced financial problems
King James of England canceled charter and made Jamestown first royal colony in America.

7. Section 2 Religious freedom
Pilgrims – left for New World; religious purpose
The Mayflower carried pilgrims to the New World

8. Landed at Plymouth, Massachusetts
Mayflower Compact - provide laws to live by; beginning of a democratic government in America

9. 1629 - Massachusetts Bay Colony; located north of Plymouth.
settled in Boston; John Winthrope, governor.
1630s - Great Migration more than 15,000 came to escape religious persecution/economic difficulties

10. Puritans, persecuted those with different beliefs.
led to formation of new settlements.
1636-Thomas Hooker founded Hartford (Connecticut)
adopted the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut - first written constitution in America.

11. Roger Williams - minister, established Rhode Island; religious toleration
John Wheelwright founded New Hampshire

12. Section 3 Two groups of colonies
Charter colonies; run by private corporations ( Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Connecticut, and Rhode Island)
Royal colonies; run by England (They were Maryland and Virginia)

13. England wanted Dutch-controlled land between two groups of colonies; harbor and river trade.
English attack New Amsterdam
The governor, Peter Stuyvesant, was unprepared, surrendered the colony.
The Duke of York gained control; named it New York
1702 – New Jersey became Royal Colony

14. 1701 – William Penn (Quaker) founded Pennsylvania
Religious experiment; designed Philadelphia and wrote first constitution

15. Section 4 Many settlers came voluntarily
Others were indentured servants
Some were seized and brought as slaves.

16. 1632 - Maryland proprietary colony
Sir George Calvert, Lord Baltimore,
wanted safe place for Catholics, and to get rich.
plantations grew

17. 1670 - King Charles II founded Carolina
The English philosopher John Locke wrote their constitution.

18. 1733 - James Oglethorpe founded Georgia
British debtors and poor people
military barrier from Spain

19. French settlements in the Americas
Mainly there to hunt and for fur trade
Good relationship with Native Americans
New Spain
Spain had a large empire in Mexico, the Caribbean, Central, and South America called New Spain.
To keep control; sent soldiers, missionaries, and settlers