NAME: __________________________ Carbons with different elements join to make _______________________ “Organic” means a molecule contains _______________ Since carbon has 4 valence electrons it can make ______ bonds - great for bonding! The three basic shapes of carbon molecules ___________ Word Bank: Carbon Four Straight Macromolecules Monomers Branched Polymers Ring

Dehydration Synthesis (Condensation Reaction) Dehydration Synthesis (Condensation Reaction) Hydrolysis Is how larger molecules are for example Is how larger molecules are by So bonds in So bonds can be made between Are broken down into To build up For example Removing water Polymers Monomers Adding water Built up Broken down Starch  glucose+ glucose+ glucose Glucose + fructose  sucrose.

Carbohydrates v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v Foods Found in plants for Means 1 sugar Different levels of complexity Used for Means many sugar Means 2 sugars examples Found in plants for Found in animals for v v v v Found in insect/lobster Glycogen Sugar Starch Sucrose Glucose storage chitin Short term energy storage Fructose Cellulose Disaccharide Cell wall Polysaccharide Structure Energy Galactose Fruit Glucose Lactose Pasta Glucose storage Exoskeleton Monosaccharide Milk Maltose v v

Lipids (Which means they do not mix with water) v v foods All lipids are Are used for 3 groups or classes of lipids are Made of Examples v v v v and Which can be v v v v Solid at room temp, and contains Liquid at room temp and contains v v v v v v v v have 4 fused rings and makes up v v v v v v v v v v v v Used for Hormones Examples If there is too much it can lead to Component of v v v v v v Goes towards the inside away from water Goes towards the outside toward water

Lipid word bank: Oils Triglyceride Hydrophobic Steroids Cholesterol Insulation Cell membranes Protection Testosterone Unsaturated Butter Waxes Fatty acids Estrogen Saturated Long term energy storage Hormones Component of cell membrane fats Avocado Phospholipids Bilayer Glycerol No double bonds between the carbons Cardiovascular Disease ( Heart Disease) Hydrophobic Tails At least one double bond between the carbons Cell membrane Hydrophilic Head Chemical Signals Nuts Boundary that surrounds cells

Proteins v v Foods Used for Shape of protein determines When the shape changes it is called Which can be caused by Made up of 4° 3° 2° 1° Which have the following chemical structure(draw) The “R” group is the variable side group To form a protein which is also known as Build up by forming Organized into 4 levels of structure

Word bank for proteins: Peptide bonds polypeptide 20 amino acids Proteins Meat Hormones (chemical signals) Denature Folding of amino acids (alpha helix and beta sheets) pH Folding into 3D structure to get function Structure (hair and nails) Dairy Eggs Beans More than one polypeptide chain Function Temperature Enzymes Order of amino acids Determines how the protein will fold

Test for Organic Molecules Use indicators To Test for On paper it willMixed with + Positive results Negative results Word Bank Biuret Solution Heat for 5 min Orange Proteins Stain red Make it look waxy Purple brown Blue Benedict’s Solution Starch Simple monosaccharaides Iodine Blue/black Lipids Sudan IV Black Light orange Carbohydrates

Enzymes To Are made of They function as Leads to Causes Effected by It works by What the enzyme binds In binds in the area called the pH Catalyst Speed up a reaction Active site Denaturation Loss of function Reduce activation energy Protein Temperature substrate