1. Macromolecules
Composed of several simple units

2. Macromolecules Composed of several simple units
Bond by one giving up a H+ and the other a OH-
H + + OH- form water – Dehydration Synthesis
Hydrolysis - Break apart units by adding a water

3. Carbon - shares e- to fill outer shell
- forms chains
Organic Compounds
– molecules with carbon - carbon bonds

4. Carbohydrates Elements - C, H, O Building Block:
Monosaccharides – one sugar
ex. C6H12O6 – glucose, fructose, galactose, ribose

5. Disaccharides – two monosaccharides
·       Sucrose – table sugar
·       Lactose – in milk
Polysaccharides – 3 or more monosaccharides
·       Glycogen – animals
·       Starch – plants
·       Cellulose – structural in plants
Uses
– quick energy (mono + disaccharides),
- long energy (polysaccharides)
- structural (polysaccharides)

6. Lipids
Elements: C, H, O
Three Types – all hydrophobic (do not mix with water)
· Steroids – 4 fused rings
sex hormones, cholesterol, chlorophyll
· Waxes - chains
bees wax, earwax
· Fats – Building Blocks: glycerol and 3 fatty acids

7. Two Types of Fatty Acids

8. Two Types of Fatty Acids
Saturated
Unsaturated

9. Two Types of Fatty Acids
Saturated
Unsaturated
Solid at Room Temp
Liquid at Room Temp

10. Two Types of Fatty Acids
Saturated
Unsaturated
Solid at Room Temp
Liquid at Room Temp
Found mostly in

11. Two Types of Fatty Acids
Saturated
Unsaturated
Solid at Room Temp
Liquid at Room Temp
Found mostly in animals
- butter, animal fat
Found mostly in

12. Two Types of Fatty Acids
Saturated
Unsaturated
Solid at Room Temp
Liquid at Room Temp
Found mostly in animals
- butter, animal fat
Found mostly in plants
-peanut oil, olive oil

13. Two Types of Fatty Acids
Saturated
Unsaturated
Solid at Room Temp
Liquid at Room Temp
Found mostly in animals
- butter, animal fat
Found mostly in plants
-peanut oil, olive oil
No Double bonds between carbons
Double bonds between carbons

14. Uses
- Energy Storage
- Insulation
- Hormones
- Structural – phospholipids make up cell membrane

15. Protein Elements: C, H, O, N Building Block: amino acids (a.a.)
· Over 20 different a.a.
The order and number of the a.a. dictates the properties of the protein

18. Protein Structure
Primary – sequence of a.a.
Secondary – chain forms helix or pleats
Tertiary – folds
Quarternary – two or more chains combine

19. Uses
Structural – cartilage, tendons, hair
Food source – egg white
Regulatory – hormones (insulin)
Enzymes
- Catalyst, speeds up the reaction
- Are specific and can only work on certain molecules

20. Nucleic Acids Elements: C, H, O, P, N Building Block: nucleotides
2 types of Nucleic Acids
DNA – deoxyribonucleic acid
RNA – ribonucleic acid
Uses – Genetic Material

21. Isomers – compounds that differ in structure, but not composition
C6H12O6
Isomers – compounds that differ in structure, but not composition

22. Energy of Macromolecules is in the Bonds
Fat = cal/g

23. Energy of Macromolecules is in the Bonds
Fat = 9 cal/g
Carbo =

24. Energy of Macromolecules is in the Bonds
Fat = 9 cal/g
Carbo = 4 cal/g
Protein =

25. Energy of Macromolecules is in the Bonds
Fat = 9 cal/g
Carbo = 4 cal/g
Protein = 4 cal/g