1. Four Types of Organic Molecules
Made by cells
Contains carbon

2. CARBOHYDRATES
PROTEINS
NUCLEIC ACIDS
LIPIDS

3. All four are macromolecules because of their large size.
The largest
Macromolecules
are called polymers
Created by linking
smaller subunits
called monomers.

4. 1. Carbohydrates monosaccharides - one ring sugars
glucose, galactose and fructose
* A 6-carbon sugar
* Found in peas.
* A 5-carbon sugar
* A 6-carbon sugar
* the sugar that sweetens fruit
* The sugar in our blood

5. Diabetes
Disease characterized by high levels of blood glucose resulting from defects in insulin production
Monitored with blood glucose device.

6. disaccharides - two monosaccharides (2 ring sugar)
Glucose + fructose = Sucrose (table sugar)
Glucose + galactose = Lactose (milk sugar)
Glucose + glucose = Maltose (malt sugar)

7. Lactose intolerant
If the enzyme lactase is not present, the body is unable to break down lactose. Allowing it to reach the large intestines. Normally, sugars do not reach the large intestine. This is what causes a stomach ache!

8. polysaccharides - long chains of repeating units of monosaccharides, these are energy storing molecules.
starch (plants produce for a storage molecule.)
cellulose (plants produce for cell wall construction.)
indigestible because we lack enzymes to break it down.
glycogen (storage molecule in muscle and liver cells.)

9. Starch, Cellulose & Glycogen
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
All the sugars are oriented in the same direction
Branched or "forked"
Every other sugar molecule is "upside-down

10. 2. Protein Made of a long chain of amino acids

11. Proteins function as… Support
keratin for hair and nails & collagen for ligaments, tendons, skin

12. Proteins function as… Enzymes to speed up reactions
Example: Amylase is an enzyme in saliva that breaks starch into glucose monomers.
Saliva
Saliva Identification - Amylase

14. Proteins function as… Transport across cell membranes
Hemoglobin
Defense from infection
Antibodies
Hormones
Insulin
Insulin is a hormone that helps your body use glucose.

15. Protein structure is key to their ability to function.
**A protein can be denatured, heat causes it to lose its shape, and its functionality..

16. 3. Nucleic Acids Stores information
Two types:
DNA
(deoxyribonucleic acid)
RNA
(ribonucleic acid)

17. Nucleotides are the building blocks of Nucleic acids.

18. 4. Lipids Hydrophobic – Will not mix with water Types of Lipids:
Phospholipids - form cell membranes
The polar heads are towards the water, the nonpolar tails are on the inside of the cell.

19. Steroids cell messengers
examples: testosterone, estrogen
Waxes protection & waterproofing

20. Triglycerides fats and oils
fats are made of chains of fatty acids

21. Saturated & Unsaturated
Saturated - no double bonds
solid at room temperature
Unsaturated - have double bonds
liquid at room temperature