1. Organic Macromolecules Living things contain 4 types of large organic molecules 1)Carbohydrates 2)Lipids 3)Proteins 4)Nucleic Acids

2. Why Did We Say Carbon Is Unique? Carbon has 4 valence electrons 4 bonds Good building block Here is a carbohydrate:

3. Carbohydrates Function: 1)Energy 2)Protection- Cellulose/ Chitin 3)Foods: candy/sweets, bread, potatoes, rice

4. Carbohydrate Monomers Monomer for carbohydrates is a monosaccharide – Mono = One – Saccharide = Sugar Example: Glucose

5. Carbohydrate Polymers When one or more monosaccharide's are combined Disaccharide (two sugars) Polysaccharide (many sugars) +

6. Common Disaccharides 1.Maltose – Malt Sugar 2.Fructose- High Fructose Syrup 3.Lactose- Lactose Intolerance 4.Sucrose- Table Sugar

7. Polysaccharide- a complex sugar -Are very complex molecules that can consist of hundreds of individual sugar molecules -There are 4 main types: -Starch -Glycogen -Cellulase -Chitin

8. 4 Main Polysaccharides 1.) Starch – polysaccharide produced by most green plants for energy storage. 2.) Glycogen – Stored carbohydrates in human cells.

9. 4 Main Polysaccharides 3.) Cellulose – gives strength and protection between the cells of plants

10. 4 Main Polysaccharides 4.) Chitin – makes up the exoskeleton (shell) of bugs and crustaceans

11. Lipids Function: 1)Energy (Stored in C-H Bonds) 2)Structure 3)Send Messages Foods: meat, oils, butter

12. A Glycerol Molecule & One of 2 Fatty Acids Lipid Monomers Many lipids are formed when a glycerol molecule combines with compounds called fatty acids.

13. Saturated Lipids Saturated means “full” of hydrogen Not as healthy Are solids at room temperature

14. Unsaturated Lipids These fats are missing some hydrogens Are healthier fats Are liquid at room temp...

16. Lipid Polymers Polymers Fats and Oils Waxes and Phospholipids Steroids Long term energy storage

17. Lipids are Not Soluble Do not mix with water – Hydrophilic (water loving) heads – Hydrophobic (water fearing) tails Naturally separate in water

18. Water and Olive Oil

19. Proteins Monomer= Amino Acids (20 Types) Structure: consist of nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen and oxygen Function: 1)Structure (collagen) 2)Speed Up Chemical Reactions (digestive enzymes) Foods: meat, eggs, nuts, soy

20. Amino Acids 20 Different Types Consist of: – Amino group – Carboxyl Group – Special “R” Group (gives unique characteristics) Held together by: – Peptide bonds (special type of covalent bond) – Form polypeptide chains Are Considered Building Blocks of Life