The Communication Process Chapters 1 and 2

Elements of Communication What must happen for human communication to take place?

You might answer: People must speak, and others must listen.

However, this answer is incomplete. The words “speaker” and “listener” are only partly right.

Sender  A more correct term than “speaker” when discussing communication.  “Sending” involves both verbal and nonverbal communication.  A more correct term than “speaker” when discussing communication.  “Sending” involves both verbal and nonverbal communication.

Receiver  A more correct term than “listener” when discussing communication.  “Receiving” involves both verbal and nonverbal communication.  A more correct term than “listener” when discussing communication.  “Receiving” involves both verbal and nonverbal communication.

Verbal and Nonverbal Messages Verbal communication is communication with words.

Nonverbal communication is communication without words.

We can communicate nonverbally by:  Appearance

We can communicate nonverbally by:  Appearance  Gestures  Appearance  Gestures

We can communicate nonverbally by:  Appearance  Gestures  Body movement  Appearance  Gestures  Body movement

We can communicate nonverbally by:  Appearance  Gestures  Body movement  Eye contact  Appearance  Gestures  Body movement  Eye contact

We can communicate nonverbally by:  Appearance  Gestures  Body movement  Eye contact  Facial expressions  Appearance  Gestures  Body movement  Eye contact  Facial expressions

We can communicate nonverbally by:  Appearance  Gestures  Body movement  Eye contact  Facial expressions  Spatial relations  Appearance  Gestures  Body movement  Eye contact  Facial expressions  Spatial relations

Elements in the communication process beyond sender and receiver:

 Feedback - the way the receiver responds to the message being sent

 Channel - the means through which the message is transmitted

 Encoding - selecting the best verbal and nonverbal messages to make your point

 Decoding - the receiver’s careful filtering process of what he or she understands as communication

 Interference - breakdown in communication

Types of Interference  External

Types of Interference  External  Loud noises  Distracting activity  External  Loud noises  Distracting activity

Types of Interference  Internal

Types of Interference  Internal  Headache  Daydreaming  Internal  Headache  Daydreaming

Diagram of the Communication Process EncodingMessage SenderReceiver FeedbackDecoding EncodingMessage SenderReceiver FeedbackDecoding

Effective communication: the receiver interpreting the sender’s message the same way the sender intended it

Four specific purposes of communication:  To exchange information

Four specific purposes of communication:  To exchange information  To exert control  To exchange information  To exert control

Four specific purposes of communication:  To exchange information  To exert control  To follow social rules  To exchange information  To exert control  To follow social rules

Four specific purposes of communication:  To exchange information  To exert control  To follow social rules  To share feelings  To exchange information  To exert control  To follow social rules  To share feelings