 Name 10 inventions that have come about in your lifetime  We are in a technological revolution!  zj5c zj5c  Textbook page

 Set the stage for studying the Industrial Revolution and analyzing its causes and effects.  Connect the events and historical figures of the chapter with modern day life!

 Industrial Revolution ( )  Greatly increased output of machine-made goods that began in England in the middle 1700s.  Machines began to do jobs that people before did by hand  Spread thru Europe and into North America

 Cottage Industry:  When goods are made one at a time  By a single person working on the entire good  Usually in someone’s home  1700s: Wealthy landowners began buying up small farms across England  Using the large amounts of land they began improving farming methods  Leads to an agricultural revolution

 Wealthy landowners put fences around their large property and sectioned it off in sections of large fields  Enclosure Movement: The fencing off of lands by English landlords Experimented w/ seeding and new methods of farming  Led to the migration of farmers into cities for factory work  Jethro Tull: Landlord/scientific farmer  Seed drill (1701)

 Put seeds in straight, well-spaced rows at the right depth  Helped increase crop harvests

 Crop rotation:  Changing the crop that is grown in each field each year to help restore proper nutrients to the soil One of the best developments by the scientific farmers

 Robert Bakewell: Would only allow his best sheep to breed  ∴ Between average weight of a sheep rose from 18 to 50 pounds! Significance:  The increase in food production (meat + crops) from these advancements allowed the population to grow!  Many farmers who used to own small farms moved to the cities to find work.

 Large population of workers  Abundance of natural resources  Industrialization: process of developing machine production of goods  Required these resources and England had them! Water power + coal to fuel new machines Iron ore to construct new machines, tools + buildings Rivers for inland transportation Harbors for merchant ships to come and go

 England also had an expanding economy  Businesspeople would invest in the manufacture of new inventions  Highly developed banking system = loans available  Strong international market (lots of trading w/ other countries)  Political stability and military strength  ∴ Had all of the factors of production necessary to produce the goods + services that the Industrial Revolution required.  Land, labor, capital, entrepreneurship!

 Explosion of creativity  inventions drove the industrial revolution  Britain’s textile industry clothed the world in wool, linen, and cotton  Cloth merchants increased profit by speeding up the spinners and weavers that made cloth

 Modernization of the Cotton Industry:  John Kay: Flying shuttle (1773)– Yarn attached to a boat-shaped piece of wood Doubled the work a weaver could do in a day!

 Modernization of the Cotton Industry: Doubled the work a weaver could do in a day!  James Hargreaves: Spinning Jenny (1764) Allowed one spinner to work w/at least 8 threads at a time!

 Modernization of the Cotton Industry:  Richard Arkwright: Water Frame (1769) Used water power to drive the spinning wheels

 Modernization of the Cotton Industry:  Samuel Crompton: Spinning Mule (1779) Combined features of spinning jenny and water frame Made thread stronger, finer, + more standard

 Modernization of the Cotton Industry:  Edmund Cartwright: Power Loom (1787) Used water to speed up the weaving in the loom.

 These machines were bulky and expensive ∴ this took the work of weaving + spinning out of the home.  Wealthy merchants put these machines in large buildings: FACTORIES!  The first factories needed water to run the machines ∴ they were put by water sources.  These merchants got the most of their cotton from the American South.  American farmer Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin to harvest the cotton MUCH quicker!  1.5 million pounds of cotton produced in million pounds in 1810!!!!!

 The first factories needed water to run the machines ∴ they were put by water sources.  The wealthy merchants got the most of their cotton from the American South.  American farmer Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin to harvest the cotton MUCH quicker!  1.5 million pounds of cotton produced in 1790  85 million pounds in 1810!!!!!

 Improvements in the textile industry encouraged other developments:  Need for a cheap and convenient source of power Steam engine invented but very slow and inefficient  Did not want to rely on only water

 James Watt: 1765 invented a faster + more efficient steam engine that burned less fuel  Matthew Boulton (entrepreneur) invested in Watt to continue making improvements on the steam engine  Took the risk of investment to further progress

 Steam could propel boats   Robert Fulton (American) ordered a steam engine from Watt and put it in a boat! The Clermont  ∴ first commercial Steamboat invented  Made its first successful trip in 1807!

 4,250 miles of inland channels  Transportation much cheaper!

 Improvement in roads  John McAdam – Scottish engineer  1 st step in the modern road: Layer of crushed rock topped with gravel Good for drainage and weight

 By the end of the 1700s steam powered most factories  By 1820: Steam engines on wheels – railroad locomotive – drove all in English industry

 Richard Trevithick: 1804 hauled 10 tons of iron over 10 miles  Won a bet of a few thousand $$$!  George Stephenson began working on improvements of the locomotive  1821: Began working on the world’s first railroad line! 27 miles from the Yorkshire coal fields to the port of Stockton.

 Competition for the best locomotive to run on this strategically placed railroad.  1829: The Rocket built by Stephenson wins!

 Four major effects of the railroad: 1. Spurred industrial growth b/c cheap way to transport 2. Creation of hundreds of thousands of new jobs for railroad workers + miners 3. Boosted England’s agricultural and fishing industries b/c they could now transport to distant cities 4. Travel became easier ∴ ppl could work farther away + lured others to move to the cities from the farms

 TQ3s TQ3s