1. Beginnings of Industrialization
Chapter 9
Section 1

2. Main Idea
The Industrial Revolution started in England and soon spread to other countries.
The changes that began in Britain paved the way for modern industrial societies.

3. Introduction Political revolutions brought about change in government.
Examples?
Industrial Revolution changed the way people worked.
Increased output due to machine-made goods.
Hand-made goods v. machine-made goods

4. Agricultural Revolution
Farmers bought up a lot of the small farms.
Increased acreage  increased cultivation
New farming methods  increased production

5. Enclosure Act
Farmers owned several strips of land, scattered throughout open fields.
The enclosure act gave farmers one large area of land equal to the original acreage.
The enclosure act required farmers to fence their area.
Many could not afford it.
RESULT?
Move to the city.
This helped lead to the Industrial Revolution.

7. Crop Rotation
Year 1
Year 2

8. Why England? Large population of workers Extensive natural resources
Highly skilled workforce
Extensive natural resources
Water power and coal
Iron ore (to construct machines)
Rivers
Harbors

9. Why England? (cont.) Expanding economy
What is needed to start or expand a business?
Increased trade, prosperity  increased demand
Political stability
None of Britain’s wars in the 1700s occurred in Britain.
Britain had all the factors of production.
Everything needed to produce goods
Land, labor and capital

10. Inventions Creativity  Inventions  Industrialization
Industrialization = the process of developing machine production of goods.

11. Changes in the Textile Industry
Textile = cloth
New inventions made it possible to mass produce textiles faster and more efficiently.
Britain was in need of clothing due to the population boom.

12. Factories
Textile merchants put inventions, like the spinning mule, in a large building called a factory.
The machines operated on water power.
Where would be a logical place to build a factory?
Near rivers and streams.

13. Cotton Many textiles were made from cotton Cotton has seeds.
Can you imagine picking the seeds out by hand?
Eli Whitney’s solution?
Invention of the cotton gin.

14. Effect of the Cotton Gin
American cotton production
1790 – 1.5 million pounds produced
1810 – 85 million pounds produced

15. Transportation Textile progress  other industrial improvements.
Steam Engine – cheap, convenient source of power.
The early model used too much fuel.
James Watt made the steam engine work faster and more efficiently.

16. Water Transportation Steam was also used to propel boats.
Water transportation improved with a network of canals.
More canals  decreased transportation costs of both raw materials and finished goods.

17. The Railway Age Begins
Steam powered machinery led the industrial revolution during the late 1700s.
After 1820, the railway led the way.

18. Rocket George Stephenson invented Rocket.
Hauled 13 tons at a speed of 24 miles per hour.

19. Effects of the Locomotive
1. Spurred industrial growth due to cheap transportation.
2. Created hundreds of thousands of new jobs.
3. England’s agricultural and fishing industry boomed.
4. Encouraged country people to take distant city jobs.