1. Industrial Revolution

2. Checking for Understanding
Think, how do you believe towns and cities got the supplies, crops (Food), and materials that they needed for centuries?

3. Ch. 9.1 The Beginnings of Industrialization

4. Essential Question?
List four effects of the rail road in England.

5. MAIN IDEA- (Science and Technology); The Industrial Revolution started in England and soon spread to other countries.
WHY IT MATTERS NOW- The changes that began in Britain paved the way for modern societies.

6. Setting the Stage
Political revolutions, spurred on by nationalism in US, France, and Latin America brought in new govt.
Industrial Revolution:
Refers to the greatly increased output of machine-made goods that began in England in the mid 1770’s.
Soon it will spread from England to Continental Europe to N. America.

7. Industrial Revolution Begins
England 1700
Wealthy landowners begin to buy up land that village farmers had once worked
With dramatically improved farming methods more food is produced than at any other time.
What are possible consequences of this?
England's Population Growth

8. Agricultural Revolution Paves the Way
*** After purchasing land, wealthy land owners begin to fence in land, known as enclosures consequences:
Experiment’s with more productive seeding and harvesting methods boost crop yields
Large landowners force small ones to either:
Become tenant farmers
Quit farming / moved to cities to work in factories
Seed Drill

9. Enclosure

10. Science in farming (1701) Jethro Tull (Not the band) Crop Rotation
Farmer
Invents seed drill that “sowed” seeds in well spaced rows at specific depths
Crop Rotation
Crops are rotated from season to season to allow soil nutrients to be replenished
Farmers begin to only allow best Livestock to breed
average weight for lambs climbs from 18 to 50 lbs.
Crop Rotation

11. Crop Rotation

12. Effects of Agricultural Revolution on England’s Population
***As food output increases so does England’s population.
Demand for food and goods (cloth) increased.
Small landowners forced into cities for work
Become factory workers

13. Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in England?
England had:
A large population
Extensive natural resources:
Both necessary for Industrialization:
Increase of machine made goods over hand made
Evils of Industrialization

14. ***Natural Resources needed:
Coal/Iron Ore
***Natural Resources needed:
Coal to fuel new machines
Iron ore to make tools, machines
Rivers for inland transportation
Natural harbors for merchant ships
Water power
British advanced banking system allows:
Bank loans allow owners to invest in new technology to become more efficient
Wealthy to invest in developing industries
Investment/Bank Loans

15. No wars are fought on British soil, provides security
***England has all factors of production:
Land
Labor
Capital (wealth)
Labor
Land

16. Inventions Spur Industrialization
Spinning Jenny
Cotton Industry
John Kay (1733)
“flying shuttle”
Doubled the output of cotton
James Hargreaves (1764)
“spinning jenny”
Allows one worker to spin eight instead of one thread
Richard Arkwright (1769)
“water frame”
**Water power replaces man power**
Water Frame

17. American Cotton Production
Spinning Mule
Samuel Crompton (1779)
“Spinning Mule” combines spinning jenny and water frame.
Thread is made stronger, finer, more consistent
Eli Whitney (U.S. 1793)
“Cotton Gin” removed seeds from raw cotton
American cotton production jumps from 1.5 to 85 million lbs.
Newly invented machines were bulky and expensive
Spinning and weaving taken out of home and moved into factories.
1st factories built near streams for water power
American Cotton Production

18. Improved Transportation
The need to move products agri./textile from factory to market
James Watt (1765)
Mathematical instrument maker
**Creates a more efficient steam engine**
Robert Fulton (1807)
Makes steamboat called Clermont
Orders steam engine from Watt,
The Clermont Steamboat

19. England (1850) Creates network of man-made canals
Used to transport raw/finished goods throughout England
John McAdam
Created roads layered with stones and crushed rock.
Even in rainy weather wagons could travel w/o sinking in mud
Investors form companies that built turnstiles/turnpikes:
Toll roads and charged $ to pass
John McAdam

20. English Railroad George Stephenson (1825)
World’s first railroad in England
Ran from Yorkshire coal fields to Stockton (N. Sea), 27miles.
Liverpool-Manchester RR (1830)
Stephenson designed locomotive called “Rocket”
Could pull 13-ton 24 mph.
Rocket

21. 4 major effects of RR:
Cheap way to transport finished products spurs growth
Creates new jobs for RR workers and miners (coal/iron)
Agri. and Fishing could now transport food to distant cities
People could travel from countryside to city in short amount of time