Chapter 26, lesson 2 objective: January 4, 2017 Bell ringer: Make a list of any factors or behaviors you know of that can put a person at risk of developing cancer. Chapter 26, lesson 2 objective:

Words to know Cancer Tumor Benign Malignant Metastasis Carcinogen Biopsy remission

How cancer harms the body Tumor: an abnormal mass of tissue that has no natural role in the body. Some are benign tumors (grow slower and are surrounded by membranes that prevent from spreading from original site). Tumors that are malignant (cancerous) spread to neighboring tissues and through the blood/lymph to other parts of the body. The spreading of cancer from the point where it originated to other parts of the body is called metastasis. As they spread throughout the body, they divide and form new tumors.

TYPES OF CANCER CANCER CAN DEVELOP IN ALMOST ANY PART OF THE BODY AND IN DIFFERENT TISSUES OF EACH PART: Lymphomas are cancers of the immune system Leukemia's are cancers of the blood-forming organs Carcinomas are cancers of the glands and body linings, including skin and digest tract and lungs Sarcomas are cancers of connective tissues, including bones, ligaments and muscle.

Types of cancer Skin: most common type (1 million cases a year). Caused by exposure to UV light. Symptoms: Change on the skin, new growth, mole or freckle changes Screening: physical exam; biopsies Breast: second leading cause of death in women (205,000 a year) Caused by genetics, obesity, alcohol use, physical inactivity Symtpoms: unusual lump; changes in shape, dimples Screening: self exam, mammogram

Types of cancer Prostate: found mostly in men over 55 (189, 000 a year) Caused by possible hereditary, possible link to high fat diet Symptoms: frequent or painful urination; inability to urinate; weak flow of urine; blood in urine Screening: blood test Lung cancer (leading cause of cancer deaths in US 169,400 a year) Caused by exposure to cigarette smoke, radon and asbestos) Symptoms: no initial symptom, later could include cough, shortness of breath, wheezing, coughing up blood Screening: chest x-ray

Types of cancer Mouth: (occurs mostly in people over 40 30,000 a year) Caused by use of tobacco, chewing tobacco or alcohol Symptoms: sore or lump on mouth that doesn’t heal; unusual bleeding; pain or numbness on lip, mouth tongue or throat Screening: dental/oral exam Testicle: (most common cancer in men ages 15 to 34 (7,000 a year) Caused by undescended testicle; family history symptoms: small, hard painless lump on testicle; sudden accumulation of fluid in scrotum; pain Screening: self-exam

What was a Carcinogen? A cancer-causing substance. Knowing what it is, of the following, which one is NOT a known carcinogen? A. Sunlight B. Tobacco Products C. Sexually transmitted diseases D. High fiber diet Answer: D

Risk factors for cancer Abnormal cells with the potential to become cancer cells are produced daily and the immune system destroys most of them. If the immune system weakens, cancer could develop. Between 5 to 10% of cancers are hereditary. Majority of cancers are caused by exposure to certain factors that increase the risk of damaged cells. One of those factors is a carcinogen….. What was this? Cancer-causing substance ex- cigarette smoke or ultraviolet light

Brain break! The clever butler needed some extra cash, so he tells his master: "I know almost every song that has ever been written" The master laughs at this, but the butler says "I am willing to bet you a months pay that I can sing a song that you have heard of with the lady's name of your choice in it." "Deal", says the master. "How about my mother's name, Felicity Jane Ashley?" And so the Butler sang and earned himself an extra months pay. What song did he sing?

Brain break answer Happy Birthday, DUH!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Tobacco use About 87% of lung cancer deaths are caused by smoking. An additional 25% of females who smoke will die of other smoke-related diseases. Tobacco use also increases the risk of bladder, pancreas and kidney cancer. At least 43 different carcinogens have been identified in tobacco and tobacco smoke. Smokeless tobacco can cause cancer of the lips, mouth and throat. Oral cancer kills roughly one person every hour.

Sexually transmitted diseases Did you know HPV (human papillomavirus) can cause cervical and liver cancer? The risk of acquiring these pathogens can be reduced by practicing What? ABSTINENCE! Also can reduce this chance by not injecting drugs through infected needles.

radiation Where can you get Ultraviolet (UV) radiation from? The sun or tanning beds Did you know a tan is actually the body’s response to being injured by UV rays? About 80% of skin cancers can be prevented. Reduce your exposure to UV light by avoiding tanning beds and sunlamps. Wear protective clothing and use a sunscreen that has an SPF of at least 15 that blocks all types of UV radiation. Pay attention to changes in moles on your skin.

How to reduce your risk of cancer What do you think are ways to reduce your risk of cancer? Practice abstinence from sexual activity to reduce the risk of STDs. Be physically active Maintain a healthy weight Eat nutritious foods!!! Follow an eating plan that is low in saturated fat and high in fiber Protect your skin from UV light Avoid tobacco and alcohol Recognize the warning signs of cancer

Detecting and treating cancer Detecting any type of cancer early raises the chances of survival rates. Early detection is the most critical factor in successful cancer treatment. Many types of cancers can be detected through self-examination of the breasts, testes and skin. Getting annual screenings for testing of cancer even with no symptoms helps as well. The current five-year survival rate with early detection is about 80%. With regular screenings, the rate could increase to 95%.

Treating cancer Surgery: removes some or all of the cancerous masses from the body Radiation therapy: aims rays from radioactive substances at cancerous cells. Radiation kills and shrinks the cancerous mass. Chemotherapy: uses chemicals to destroy cancer cells Immunotherapy: activates a person’s immune system to recognize specific cancers and destroy them Hormone therapy: involves using medicines that interfere with the production of hormones. These treatments kill cancer cells or slow the growth. If the cancer responds well to the treatment, it is said to be in remission, a period of time when symptoms disappear.

Lesson review Fill in the blank with the words of choice: An abnormal mass of tissue that has no natural role in the body is a _____________. The spread of cancer from where it originates is called _____________. Cigarette smoke and UV radiation are two examples of a ___________. A laboratory analysis of a section of tissue taken from a site where abnormal cell growth is suspected is a _____________. Word choices: Benign biopsy cancer carcinogen malignant metastasis remission tumor Answer and we will discuss your answers once complete.