1. When cells grow and divide out of control, they cause a group of diseases called cancer.
The DNA prevents the cell from staying in interphase for the normal period of time.

2. Uncontrolled growth may create a rapidly growing lump, or tumour.
Tumours may be benign - generally does not affect surrounding cells
or malignant - cancerous.
Cancer cells that break away from original tumour to a different part of the body and grow in this new location, a new tumour will form. This process is called metastasis (meh.-tass- ta-sis)

3. Normal duplication of DNA in a cell is error free.
Sometimes random changes occur in the cell’s DNA called mutations. Changes may cause:
No noticable change in cell
Death of the cell
Cancer

5. Tobacco smoke Radiation Some viruses Chemicals Organic solvents.
Some mutations are caused by carcinogens, environmental factors that cause cancer.
Examples include:
Tobacco smoke
Radiation
Some viruses
Chemicals
Organic solvents.

6. Health Canada reports that 9 out of 10 lung cancer cases are caused by smoking.

7. Even when tobacco is chewed it can cause cancer – mouth, throat and stomach cancer.

8. Radiation can cause skin cancer.
Are tanning beds safer than tanning in the sun?

9. ASR ASR ASR: age-standardized incidence rates per 100 000 per year
121 71 62 22 20 16 14 13 12 10
ASR
106 49 41 19 14 12 10 8
In women, after leukemia, next is kidney (n= 1650, ASR= 8), then cervix (n= 1350, ASR= 8), then bladder (n= 1250, ASR= 6)
ASR: age-standardized incidence rates per per year
NHL: Non Hodgkin lymphoma
Canadian Cancer Society/NICI, 2005

10. ASR ASR ASR: age-standardized incidence rates per 100 000 per year63 27 26 9 8 7 6 5
ASR 40 24 17 8 7 6 4 3
In women, after uterus, next is multiple myeloma (n= 590), kidney (n= 570), bladder (n=500), cervix (n= 400, ASR= 2)
ASR: age-standardized incidence rates per per year
NHL: Non Hodgkin lymphoma
Canadian Cancer Society/NICI, 2005

11. Personal medical history Hereditiy ( breast and colon cancer)
Exposure to carcinogens in the environment
Lifestyle choices: exercise and food choices
Question: Which factors are within your control?

12. Question: Does screening guarantee you won’t get cancer?
At home, as part of a routine self-examination
By a doctor, such as a pap test or blood test
As genetic testing, when there is a family history of cancer
Question: Does screening guarantee you won’t get cancer?
Prostate Cancer
Prostate Cancer

13. The earlier a cancer is diagnosed, the better the chances of successful treatment.
Some diagnostic imaging techniques:
Endoscopy
– used mostly to diagnose cancers of the digestive tract

14. 2. X-rays
Bones, lungs and breast tissues

15. 3. Ultrasound – use sound waves to take pictures of soft tissue (heart and liver)
Baby
Four chambers of heart

16. Tiny spot of lung cancer
4. CT scan – multiple x-rays put together by computer to generate a 3-D image
Tiny spot of lung cancer

17. 5. MRI – radio waves and magnetic field create a 3-D image even better than a CT scan
MRI – breast cancer

18. What are the PROS and CONS of each type of treatment?
1. Surgery – Physical removal of tumour
2. Chemotherapy – Drugs spread through the body to stop cancer cells from dividing. As they “kill” cancer cells they can damage healthy cells.
Radiation therapy – Radiation damages DNA. Beams of radiation are directed at tumour, or radioactive sources are surgically implanted in tumour.
4. Biophotonics (NEW) - uses beams of light to detect and treat the cancer cells.
What are the PROS and CONS of each type of treatment?