1. NON COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
Lesson # 1

2. Non Communicable Diseases
WHAT IS IT?
A disease that is not transmitted by another person, or a vector, or from the environment.
Certain habits and behaviors can either increase or decrease the risk of these diseases.

3. Non communicable Diseases
Cancer: A group of diseases characterized by an uncontrollable growth and spread of abnormal cells.
Using your text on page 530 define the following terms:
Tumor
Benign
Malignant

4. Vocabulary
Tumor: An abnormal mass of tissue that has no natural role in the body.
Benign – noncancerous; if you’re benign your fine!
Malignant – cancerous

5. Types of Cancer Lymphomas: cancers of the immune system.
Leukemias: cancers of the blood-forming organs.
Carinomas: cancers of the glands and body linings, including the skin and linings of the digestive tract and lungs.
Sarcomas: Cancers of the connective tissue, including bones, ligaments, and muscles.

6. Risk Factors There is no known cause of cancer.
Genetics – family history
Environment – food, water, soil, air
Lifestyles choices – sexual activity, drinking, smoking, drugs
What is a Carcinogen???
Carcinogen: A cancer causing substance.
Tobacco use
Alcohol use
Illegal drug use
Sexually transmitted disease
Radiation – ultraviolet rays from the sun
Dietary factors

7. How can you reduce your risk of Cancer??
Practice abstinence
Be physically active
Maintain healthy weight
Eat nutritious foods
Protect your skin from the sun
Avoid tobacco, drugs, and alcohol
Recognize warning signs of cancer
What type of cancer is most common in the US?
SKIN CANCER

8. THREE TYPES OF SKIN CANCER
Basal Cell Carcinoma:
Most common
Usually appears on face & ears
easiest to detect & treat
Does not usually spread.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma:
Second most common
Appears on sun-exposed parts of body
Likely to spread to areas beneath skin.
Melanoma:
Least common but most lethal
UV radiation from sun or tanning beds can increase risk
Important to diagnose in early stages
Approximately 70% begin near in or near a mole
Highest risk fair skin, freckles, light blue/green eyes.

9. Warning Signs of Skin Cancer
Asymmetrical: An imaginary line drawn through the center of the mole that does not produce matching halves.
Border: Noncancerous moles have smooth edges, suspect moles often have irregular edges.
Color: Be cautious of moles that are intensely black.
Diameter: anything over 10 mm should be removed and checked.
Evolving: if a mole is growing or changing in size, shape or elevation.

10. Methods to Prevent Skin Cancer:
Sun block- SPF 30 or greater
Avoid sun from 10 AM until around 4 PM
Wear light clothing
Wear a hat with a wide brim
Wear sunglasses with UV Protection
Do not go indoor tanning- (it’s also bad for night vision)

11. Warning Signs of Cancer:
Change in bowel and bladder habits
A sore that does not heal
Unusual bleeding or discharge
Thickening or lump
Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
Obvious change in wart or mole
Nagging cough or hoarseness

12. Detecting and Treating Cancer:
Self examination
Biopsy: the removal of a small piece of tissue for examination
Treatment:
Surgery: removes some or all of cancerous tissue mass.
Radiation therapy: aims rays from radioactive substances at cancerous cells. Radiation kills or shrinks the mass.
Chemotherapy: uses chemicals to destroy cancer cells
Immunotherapy: activates a person’s immune system to recognize specific cancers and destroy them.
Hormone therapy: involves using medicines that interfere with the production of hormones. Treatment kills cancer cells or slows the growth.

13. NON COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
Lesson # 2

14. Define the following terms Using your text starting on page 514:
Cardiovascular Disease
Angina Pectoris
Atherosclerosis
Arrhythmias
Heart Attack
Hypertension
Stroke

15. WARNING SIGNS OF A HEART ATTACK & STROKE:
Heart stops because heart is overworked:
Left arm goes numb
Sweating
Skin is pale or clammy
Chest pain
Unconscious
Shortness of breath
Breathing difficulty
Blood supply to the brain is cut off:
Confusion
Headache
Dizziness
Sweating
Pale and/or redness
Balance is thrown off

16. Vocabulary Hypertension (high blood pressure)
can be lowered with medication, weight management, physical activity, and proper nutrition
most common among people over the age of 35
normal range: 120/80
often called the “silent killer”- having no symptoms in early stages

17. Vocabulary Atherosclerosis Cholesterol:
A build up of fatty materials in your arteries
narrows the arteries, making the heart work harder
Cholesterol:
HDL: high density lipoprotein (good)
LDL: low density lipoprotein (bad) causes atherosclerosis

18. Vocabulary Cardiovascular Disease:
A disease that affects the heart, blood, or blood vessels.
Angina- chest pains caused by lack of oxygen
Arrhythmias- irregular heartbeat
Heart attack- caused by blockages of arteries, damage to the heart muscle
Stroke- arterial blockage that disrupts the flow of blood in the brain
Congestive Heart Failure- heart no longer pumps efficiently

19. RISK FACTORS FOR CVD’S Heredity Gender Age
CONTROLLABLE
UNCONTROLLABLE
Tobacco Use
High Blood Pressure- have it checked periodically
High Cholesterol- eat less high-fat foods
Physical Inactivity
Excess Weight
Stress
Drug and Alcohol Use
Heredity
Gender
Age
The health behaviors that you practice now are affecting your cardiovascular system!