1. CELL DIVISION GOING WRONG: Cancer
Cancer : A group of diseases caused from a mutation in the DNA that causes the cell to divide uncontrollably.

2. Tumour – Uncontrolled growth that creates a rapidly growing lump
Tumours may be
Benign (generally does not affect surrounding cells)
Malignant (interferes with cell functions or destroy other cells: cancerous).

3. How cancer spreads:
Malignant cancer cells may break away from the original tumour and move to a different part of the body, where they can grow into new tumour.
Animation
Video

4. Carcinogens - Environmental factors that cause DNA mutations that cause cancer.
Examples include:
Tobacco smoke
Pollution
Sunlight/Tanning beds
Some viruses
Chemicals
Xrays
Poor nutrition

5. Smoking causes lung cancer
Health Canada reports that 9 out of 10 lung cancer cases are caused by smoking.

6. Even when tobacco is chewed it can cause cancer – mouth, throat and stomach cancer.

7. Radiation can cause skin cancer.
Are tanning beds safer than tanning in the sun?

8. Poor diet and colon cancer

9. Factors affecting a person’s risk of getting cancer:
Heredity ( breast and colon cancer)
Exposure to carcinogens in the environment
Lifestyle choices: exercise and food choices
Question: Which factors are within your control?

10. DETECTING CANCER
Moles/Lumps
X-Rays
Mammograms
Biopsy

11. Moles – Asymmetry, Border, Colour, Diameter (ABCD)

12. 2. X-rays
Denser tissue shows up only. ex. Bones, tumours

13. CT scan – multiple x-rays put together by computer to generate a 3-D image
Tiny spot of lung cancer

14. 3. Mammograms – an x-ray image of the breast

15. 4. Biopsy – removal of living tissue for examination
Irregular shape

16. Cancer Treatment
Surgery – Physical removal of tumour, if detected early. May be painful
Chemotherapy – Drugs/chemicals spread through the body to stop cancer cells from dividing. Can harm healthy cells near tumour, and can be painful/severe side effects, but very effective.
Radiation therapy – Radiation damages DNA. Beams of radiation are directed at tumour. Can harm healthy cells near tumour

17. Homework: Questions Find out if you have a type of cancer in your family.