1. Chronic Diseases
Chapter 23

2. Chronic Diseases
Diseases that persist for a long period or recur throughout life
Chronic diseases are caused by behavioral, environmental, or hereditary
The leading cause of death in the United States

3. Cardiovascular Diseases
Hypertension
Atherosclerosis
Heart attack
Arrhythmia
Congestive heart failure
Stroke

4. Hypertension Also known as high blood pressure
A person who’s blood pressure is 140/90 or higher
Can lead to heart disease or death
Exercise, healthy weight, reducing stress, eating foods low in sodium will reduce your risk

5. Atherosclerosis Also known at high cholesterol
A disease where fatty substances called plaque build up in your arteries
This makes blood flow difficult so your blood pressure rises

6. Heart Attack
Occurs when the tissue in the heart doesn’t receive its normal blood supply
Usually a blood clot blocks the flow of blood to the heart
Each year, over a million people in the United States suffer from heart attacks and ½ will die from it

7. Arrhythmia Irregular heartbeats Heart can beat too slow or too fast
Fibrillation is a life-threatening arrhythmia is which the heart twitches rapidly in an uncontrolled fashion. Some of these can be controlled by medicines others require surgery and artificial pacemakers.

8. Congestive Heart Failure
The heart slowly weakens over time
Heart is unable to pump the blood like it once did

9. Stroke Sudden disruption of blood flow to the brain
Usually caused by a blood clot blocking an artery to the brain

10. Preventing Cardiovascular Disease
Risks you can not control
Heredity
Family history
Ethnicity
Gender
Men vs women
Age
Older people have a higher risk
Risks you can control
Maintain healthy weight
Eat a healthy diet
Exercise
Manage stress
Monitor blood pressure
Do not Smoke or drink

11. CANCER Cancer harms the body by destroying healthy body tissue
Cancer cells typically for a mass called a tumor
Malignant means that the tumor IS cancerous
Benign means that the tumor is NOT cancerous
Many cancers can be treated if caught early

12. Causes of Cancer Heredity Environment
Can inherit genes that are cancer causing
Environment
Cancer causing agents called Carcinogens are in the air

13. Types of Cancer Skin Prostate Breast Lung Colorectal Cervical Oral
Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
Ovarian
Leukemia
In the table list the symptoms of each type of cancer using page 611 in the book

14. Warning signs Change in bowl or bladder
A sore throat that does not heal
Unusual bleeding or discharge
Thickening or lump
Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
Obvious change in wart or mole
Nagging cough or hoarseness

15. Detecting Cancer Tests Treatment Screening tests Biopsy Surgery
Mammograms, chest x-ray
Biopsy
Surgeons remove small piece of tissue for testing
Treatment
Surgery
Radiation Therapy
Chemotherapy

16. Prevent Cancer Do Not use any form of tobacco Avoid alcohol
Protect yourself in the sun and avoid tanning beds
Choose a diet low in fat and cholesterol
Exercise
Avoid carcinogens

17. Diabetes
A disease in which the body’s ability to produce glucose (sugar) is impaired
Requires insulin
Can be life threatening if NOT controlled
There are 2 types

18. Type 1 Type 2 Person produces NO insulin
Without insulin glucose levels in the blood remain high
Usually in children
Type 2
Usually occurs in people over 30 and people who are overweight
Person produces insulin but their body does not respond to it
High level of glucose in the blood

19. Allergies & Asthma Allergies Asthma
Immune system is sensitive to certain substances
Plant pollen, dust, mold, some foods, & medicine
Asthma
Persons respiratory passage becomes swollen and narrow

20. Arthritis Inflammation and irritation of a joint
Stiffness, joint pain, swelling