The Industrial Revolution

Setting the Stage  The two centuries between the early 1700’s and the 1900’s not only brought political revolutions, but a revolution in technology as well.  The Industrial Revolution brought a huge increase in trade on a global scale. The demand for resources and raw materials was matched by the need for markets to buy the goods produced.

Industrial Revolution  The dramatic changes in technology that occurred in Western Europe between 1700 and 1850.

Industrial Revolution Begins  Factors that aided industrial growth 1. Improvements in farming. - Crop rotation (3 Field System) - Jethro Tull- invented seed drill - Breeding of farm animals  Result was an increase of food production, using less workers.

2. Rapid rise in population - Increased food supply led to better nutrition, which led to higher population. - Vaccine for smallpox was developed. - Between 1750 and 1850 the European population doubled. - The increased population then forced a need for clothes and food.

Why did it start in England?  England had extensive natural resources: - Waterpower & Coal (fuel new machines) - Iron ore (Construct machines, tools, and buildings)  Rivers for inland transportation (It made trade and travel very easy).  Harbors from which its merchant ships set sail.

 In addition to its natural resources, Britain had an expanding economy to support industrialization.  England had all the Factors of Production. –These were the resources needed to produce goods and services that the Industrial Revolution required.  Land  Labor  Capital (Wealth)

Inventions in Textile Industry  In England, during the 1700’s the textile industry (clothes) fueled the Industrial Revolution.  James Hargreaves invented a spinning wheel he named after his daughter, called Spinning Jenny.  Edmund Cartwright invented the power loom to speed up the weaving process.  Both helped increase production of clothing. 1 person could now do the work of 100 people.

Spinning Jenny

The Industrial Revolution  Creation of newer, larger machines forced manufacturers to create factories to build their products.

 England’s cotton came from plantations in the American South in the 1790s. Removing seeds from the raw cotton by hand was hard work.  In 1783, an American inventor named Eli Whitney invented a machine to speed up the chore, the cotton gin.  His cotton gin multiplied the amount of cotton that could be cleaned from 1.5 millions pounds in 1790 to 85 million pounds in 1810.

Improvements in Transportation  In 1865, James Watt created the steam engine. - Engine used fire to heat water and the steam was used to drive the engines. - Enabled power in mines (coal and iron) - Increased mining business.  Factories were built wherever flowing streams ran, to provide power.  Led to the Steamboat.

Railroad In 1804, an English Engineer hauled ten tons of iron over nearly ten miles of track in a steam-driven locomotive. Eventually other British engineers improved versions of the locomotive and it lead to the building of the first railroad line in Railroad opened in 1825 (Yorkshire coalfields to the port of Stockton). Then in 1830, the Liverpool-Manchester Railway officially opened. It was an immediate success.

Effect of Railroads 1.Provided a cheap way to transport materials 2.Created new jobs for railroad workers and miners. 3.Boosted England’s agricultural and fishing industries. 4.Made travel easier and it encouraged country people to take distant city jobs.