1. Dawn of the Industrial Age
Causes of the Industrial Revolution

2. Industrial revolution, Why is it called a revolution?

3. Factors for success Exploration and Colonialism Sea Power
Political Stability
Government Support
Private Investment

4. A Portrait of Life in 1750
Most people were peasant farmers who worked the land with hand tools.
They knew very little of the world outside their towns.
They could not read or write, and therefore had no education.
All goods were produced at home (clothing, food, etc.)

5. A New Agricultural Revolution
Improved methods of farming
Jethro Tull invented the seed drill which improved planting of fields.

6. Agricultural Revolution
New Livestock breading methods
Crop rotation
Enclosure movement: Enclosing small portions of land once used by peasant farmers to create large fields
Many small farmers lost their jobs and moved to cities.
this all would lead to a greater food supply and a growing population

7. The Population Explosion
European population rose from 120 to 190 million in less than a century
Reasons for the explosion:
Decreasing death rate
More food, less disease
Better hygiene and sanitation
Improved medical care

8. Problems and Benefits of the Industrial Revolution
Low Pay, Unemployment, Dismal living conditions
*Benefits
More new factories created more jobs
Wages rose , workers could buy more
Cost of Railroad travel fell
Wealth was spread around more than ever

9. Why England? Factors of Producton (land, labor, capital)
Natural resources
Large supplies of coal and iron
Natural Ports and Navigable Rivers
Abundant Rivers for water power and canal construction
*Increased labor force
Pop. increase and enclosure movement
*New technology
Enlightenment taught progress by technology
*Economic conditions
Trade accumulated capital
Increased pop. = increased demand
Political & social conditions
Stable pro business government
Strong navy
Religious groups promoted hard work and thrift
A New Accepted Class

10. The Old Textile Industry
A majority of all cotton cloth used in Britain had been imported from India.
Instead of driving to spend more money abroad, British merchants tried to organize a cloth industry at home, so they developed the putting out system: Cottage Industry
Peasant families would take raw cotton, spin it into thread and then weave it into cloth in their own homes.
They would send the cloth to skilled artisans in the towns to finish and dye the cloth
This system was laborious and costly….if only we had machines…..

11. Textile industry or cloth making
New inventions increased production
thread Spinning technology
Video below is on spinning before industrial revolution

13. Eli’s Comin’

14. Why Should We Care?

15. The Challenge
The greatest challenge facing the textile industry was turning raw cotton into something that could be processed at a fast rate.
In the American South, raw cotton had to be cleaned of dirt and dust and have seeds removed.
This lead to the invention of the cotton gin.

16. The Cotton Gin Eli Whitney is the inventor of the cotton gin.
The cotton gin separated seeds from cotton at a fast rate.
This was invented in 1793 and revolutionized the industry.
This increased production exponentially.

17. James Hargreaves spinning jenny

18. Water wheel England had many fast moving rivers
Inventers found a way to use moving water to power new machines

19. Richard Arkwright’s water frame

20. Samuel Crompton’s spinning mule

21. Textile industry Loom technology
Video below on how a loom was used before industrial revolution

22. John Kay’s Flying Shuttle

23. Edmund Cartwright's power loom

24. Steam power
James Watt’s steam engine.

25. steam power Video below on how a steam engine works
With steam engines factories did not have to be built by water sources anymore.
Steam engines created a demand for coal.
Steam engines used in water and railroad transportation too.

26. Review Questions
1.) What factors contributed to the agricultural revolution?
2.) Why did the industrial revolution begin in England?
3.) What energy sources powered the Industrial Revolution?

27. Project
Look around on-line and find an invention from the time of the industrial revolution, Study it, find out what it is, what it does. Design an advertisement for this item. It can be a poster, a video, or a brochure.

28. Example