American History Chapter 2, Sections 1 & 2

Roanoke F The first English settlement F It failed. The colony disappeared. Sir Walter Raleigh was the founder.

Jamestown 1607 The 1 st successful English settlement At the mouth of Chesapeake Bay In Virginia

Trouble in Jamestown Settlers came from towns—they didn’t know how to live in the woods. Settlers didn’t know how to hunt, but they didn’t know how to farm either. Upper class “gentlemen” refused to do hard work. And the leaders argued all the time. Jamestown was on swampy land, and mosquitoes brought malaria.

How Jamestown survived its first two winters A strong leaderHelp from Powhatan Captain John Smith John Smith traded goods for food from Powhatan.

“the starving time” In 1609 a new governor and 400 new settlers came to the colony. Winter of There wasn’t enough food for everyone. People ate dogs, rats, snakes, toadstools, horsehides – and some people became cannibals. Only 60 people survived the winter.

tobacco A vile weed... stinking to the nose, harmful to the brain, and dangerous to the lungs –King James The crop that saved Jamestown John Rolfe Pocohontas

House of Burgesses the first example of self- government in the colonies Virginia’s first general assembly

Pilgrims Separated from the Anglican Church to form their own congregations Went to Holland to escape persecution, and then moved to America Landed on Cape Cod Called their colony “Plymouth” 1620

The Mayflower Compact Even before they got off the Mayflower, the Pilgrims agreed to sign this document. The Pilgrims agreed to create a government and obey its laws. The governor of Plymouth Colony was 

Squanto This Native American taught the Pilgrims how to live in their new world. The Pilgrims joined their Native American friends to celebrate and give thanks to God – the first Thanksgiving.

Massachusetts Bay Colony “We shall be like a City upon a Hill... John Winthrop, governor of the Puritans The Puritans came to escape religious persecution in England * City on a Hill = a model (ideal) Christian community

A General Court of representatives made laws but only male church members could vote. The Puritans had very strict laws: no games on Sunday everyone must attend church a dress code The penalty for witchcraft was death * You will learn more about the Salem witchcraft trials in American Lit.

“The Great Migration” 20,000 settlers came to New England in the 1630s

Rhode Island ChurchState He said Church and State should be separate So Roger Williams was kicked out of Plymouth, Massachusetts. Roger Williams founded a colony (Rhode Island) where different religious beliefs were allowed.

Anne Hutchinson She a female Puritan teacher. She was banished –kicked out-- for heresy. Anne Hutchinson went to Rhode Island. *Religious freedom was a key part of the charter of Rhode Island. Ministers said a woman cannot teach men.

Connecticut Thomas Hooker and his congregation wanted to leave Massachusetts to have more land to raise cattle. The government of Massachusetts was too powerful. Hooker thought everyone should be able to vote, not just church members. The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut was a constitution which allowed ALL ADULT white MEN to vote (not just church members).

New England colonies

New England Colonies “New England Way” Church AND Government were the center of life. Education was important so that they could read Harvard, the 1 st American college, trained preachers

New York and New Jersey The Dutch founded New Amsterdam on Manhattan Island. The Dutch surrendered to the English king, who gave it to his brother, the Duke of York. Later the Duke gave some of his land away, and it was named New Jersey.

Pennsylvania William Penn A Quaker who called his colony a “Holy Experiment”* * Quakers were pacifists—they were opposed to war Quakers believed all people are equal (so they were in favor of women’s rights and against slavery). Penn called his colony “a holy experiment” because he wanted it to be a model of peace and religious freedom. Philadelphia = the city of brotherly love

Maryland Lord Baltimore: George Calvert A haven for Catholics Act of Toleration Protected freedom of religion

Carolinas King Charles gave land to friends. Charles Town was named for him. The colony developed as 2 separate regions: North Carolina and South Carolina.

Georgia James Oglethorpe was horrified that people who couldn’t pay their debts (debtors) were thrown into English prisons. Oglethorpe founded Georgia as a place where the poor could start over. King George II liked the idea because Georgia could be a buffer to keep Spain from coming further north.