1. The 13 Colonies

2. Virginia Southern Colonies
Jamestown Settlement – 1st “Successful” English Settlement in the American Continent.
Early Leaders
1607 – John Smith – “Work or starve.”
1604 – John Rolfe – Sweet tobacco and Pocahontas.
Some of the problems with Jamestown– Too many gentlemen, bad location, no gold, not enough food, mosquitoes caused diseases in the summer and starvation and freezing conditions killed many in the winter – very high mortality rate.

3. Accomplishments, Reasons for Settling and Important Information
Went there looking for gold to trade – but there wasn’t any in the area.
Ended up making big money off of the production of tobacco.
Made a trade agreement with the local Native Americans.
Survived the “Starving Time”
The House of Burgesses.

4. Massachusetts Bay (New England Colonies)
1620 – The Pilgrims led by William Bradford
1630 – The Puritans led by John Winthrop
Major Cities and Settlements
Plymouth (Settled by the Pilgrims)
Boston (Capital established by the Puritans.)
Salem (Famous for the Salem Witch Trials.)

5. Accomplishments, Reasons for Settling and Important Information
Mayflower Compact – Early Constitution and type of self –government.
First Thanksgiving
Good relationships with the Native Americans
Both Pilgrims and Puritans traveled to North America searching for Religious Freedom.
Puritans were a part of the Great Migration of the 1630’s – 1640’s.
Strict lifestyle in Puritan communities.

6. Connecticut New England Colonies
Leader and Founder – Thomas Hooker
Major Cities – New Haven and Hartford
Accomplishments, Reasons for Settling and Important Information.
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut –
More democratic form of self government.
Served as inspiration for future U.S. Government.
Issues with the Puritan leadership of Massachusetts – led to him to found his own colony.

7. Rhode Island New England Colonies
Founders – Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson
Major Cities – Providence (Williams) and Portsmouth (Hutchinson)
Accomplishments, Reasons for Settling and Important Information
Separate church from politics (beginnings of our current separations of Church and State)
More religious tolerance.
Promote fair treatment of the Native Americans.

8. New Hampshire New England Colonies
Royal Colony (Established by the Crown.)
Major City – Portsmouth
Accomplishments, Reasons for Settlement and Important Information
It was a Royal Colony – Not a charter.
It was founded for farmland.
It was an extension of New England settlers already in America – not by settlers coming over from England.

9. New York Middle Colonies
Originally New Netherlands – Founded by explorer Henry Hudson and claimed by the Dutch.
Peter Stuyvesant – Dutch leader ruled like a dictator.
Overthrown for the Duke of York. (Based on the exploration of John Cabot.)
New Amsterdam was then renamed New York.
Many of the Dutch still remained after it came under English control.

10. Accomplishments, Reason for Settling and Important Ideas
Originally founded for fur trade and farmland.
Good money in fur trade and wheat production.
Overthrown by the English with little resistance.
Religious tolerance – Key to the diversity of the region.
Dense population in the New Amsterdam area.

11. New Jersey Middle Colonies
Two proprietors – Named by the Duke of York
George Carteret and John Lord Berkeley
Major City – Trenton
Accomplishments, Reasons for Settlement and Important Ideas
Part of the fur trade and wheat production.
Diverse population like New York.
Dense population for small area.

12. Pennsylvania Middle Colonies
Founded by William Penn
(Originally had a charter from the King for New Jersey, but wanted to found his own, larger colony.)
Founded the City of Philadelphia – aka the “City of Brotherly Love”
Provided the model for city planning.

13. Accomplishments, Reasons for Settlement and Important Ideas
Founded based on Religious Freedom.
Also as a safe haven for Quakers.
Based on toleration and non-violence.
Quakers believed in the “Inner Light” of all people.
Cared for the poor.
Developed a more representative form of Self Government.

14. Delaware Middle Colonies
Part of Pennsylvania until 1776
Owned by the Duke of York and sold to William Penn as a southern part of Pennsylvania
Major City – Wilmington

15. Maryland Southern Colonies
Founded by Cecilius Calvert – aka Lord Baltimore
Major Cities – Baltimore and the future site of Washington D.C.
Founded for religious freedom for Catholics.
Eventually had conflicts between the Catholics and Protestants
Led to the Toleration Act of 1649
Protestants eventually forced the Catholics out of the Region.

16. North and South Carolina Southern Colonies
Originally was one big colony.
Land given by king Charles II to 8 of his supporters.
Separated in 1712 due to distance issues between settlements and the problems governing such a large area.
No major settlements in North Carolina – Charleston in South Carolina.

17. Accomplishments, Reasons for Settlement and Important Ideas
North Carolina was settled by farmers who moved south from Virginia in small communities.
South Carolina provided large land grants.
First colony to utilize African slaves as the main workforce. It was the only colony to have more African slaves than free whites.
Main crop was rice.
1719 South Carolina was bought from the proprietors and became a royal colony North Carolina had the same thing happen to it.

18. Georgia Southern Colonies
Founded by James Oglethorpe (Charter)
Major City – Savannah on the coast.
Founded for poor English citizens, including many in jail for unpaid debts. (Prison colony.)
King hoped to have it as a buffer to Spanish Florida.
Wanted to avoid large plantations, hoped to attract small farmers.
Outlawed slavery and limited land grants.
1752 – Gave up their charter. Led to an increase in slavery and rice plantations.