1. American Colonies

2. Roanoke, 1585 Founded by Sir Walter Raleigh Purpose: to establish an English Colony in the New World Colony disappeared without a trace.

4. Virginia, 1607 Founded by London Company, a joint- stock company Purpose: trade & profits House of Burgesses created in 1619. First Africans arrive in Virginia, 1619; 1660s black codes enacted.

5. Through the leadership of John Smith and the development of a new variety of tobacco by John Rolfe & Pocahontas, the colony survived. Bacon’s Rebellion, 1676: sharp class differences between the landed gentry of East Coast & poor farmers of the frontier.

8. Plymouth, 1620 (Pilgrims) Founded by William Bradford Purpose: Religious freedom for Separatists (Pilgrims wanted to separate; Puritans wanted to “purify.”) Mayflower Compact, 1620: decisions would be made by the will of the majority. 1621, Thanksgiving Fish, furs, lumber

10. New York, 1613 Founded by the Dutch Purpose: trade & profits Set up as a Dutch Colony, taken over by the English in 1664 under the Duke of York.

12. Massachusetts Bay, 1628 Founded by John Winthrop & Puritans Purpose: Religious freedom for Puritans; 18,000 settlers by 1642.

14. New Hampshire, 1623 Founded by John Mason Purpose: trade & profit, but becomes an escape for those constricted by religious and economic rules of Massachusetts Bay Colony.

16. Maryland, 1634 Founded by Lord Baltimore Purpose: Religious freedom for Catholics Toleration Act of 1649: guaranteed toleration to all Christians; decreed death for Jews & atheists.

18. Connecticut, 1635 Founded by Thomas Hooker Purpose: religious and economic freedom Residents of Connecticut left harsh policies & intolerance of Massachusetts Bay

19. The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, 1639, was the first constitution in American history, establishing a representative government with a legislature and a governor chosen by popular vote.

21. Rhode Island, 1636 Founded by Roger Williams Purpose: Religious Freedom Rhode Island became the most tolerant colony. Anne Hutchinson; banished from M. Bay: challenged the beliefs of Puritan Doctrine.

23. Delaware, 1638 Founded by the Swedes Purpose: trade & profits Taken by England in 1664.

25. Carolinas, 1670 Founded by Virginian proprietors in a joint business venture Purpose: trade & profits North Carolina separated from South Carolina in 1712.

26. South Carolina quickly became a plantation economy based on rice. North Carolina, because of its few good harbors developed as small farms and less reliance of slavery. N. Carolina developed a reputation for independence & self reliance.

28. New Jersey, 1664 Founded by the Dutch, then settled by the Swedes, taken by England in 1664. Purpose: trade & profits Allowed religious freedom in order to attract colonists.

30. Pennsylvania, 1681 Founded by William Penn Purpose: Religious freedom for Quakers; trade & profit

32. Georgia, 1733 Founded by George Oglethorpe Purpose: Buffer between Carolinas & Spanish colonies; debtor colony; at first slavery was not allowed.

34. Life span in NE Colonies 15 – 20 years longer than in Chesapeake. New England colonies were much more stable; education was emphasized: need to read Bible. New England Colonies: Economy based on small farming, fishing, home industry, shipbuilding, Boston became a major international port.

35. Chesapeake Colonies: life was shorter, less healthy than in New England. Most Chesapeake settlers came as indentured servants. Men largely outnumbered women. Forty percent of indentured servants failed to survive long enough to gain their freedom. By the late 17th century, life stabilized in Chesapeake and the elite planter class was established.