Thursday, October 28th 2010 Please complete the ‘reading check” on pages 365 and 366 Chapter 12: Industrialization and Nationalism Section 1: The Industrial Revolution

Answer 1: 1. (p365): Adults were fined for being late or dismissed for more serious misconduct; children were often beaten.

Reading Check Answers 2. (p366): The railroad turned the United States into a single, massive market for the manufactured goods of the Northeast.

182. Franklin’s cartoon urges the colonies to do what? A. kill snakes B. work together C. join the military D. join the British b

183. Which 3 countries were the “Axis Powers” in WWII? A. US, England, France B. Spain, France, Italy C. Japan, Germany, Spain D. Germany, Italy, Japan d

184. The New Deal established the Securities & Exchange Commission (SEC) to A. regulate & stop fraud in the stock market B. insure bank deposits C. license new banks D. regulate foreign trade a

185. During the Great Depression, who lived in Hoovervilles? A. rich friends of President Hoover B. the newly homeless C. farmers who lost their farms because of the Dust Bowl D. Vacuum cleaner workers b

186. What was the Manhattan Project? A. code name for D-Day B. a New Deal program to bring jobs to big cities C. US plan to invade Japan D. US program to develop the atomic bomb d

Objective Chapter 12: Industrialization and Nationalism Students will understand the Industrial Revolution and how the shift from an economy based on farming and handicrafts to an economy based on manufacturing by machines and industrial factories.

Vocabulary Capital Cottage industry Socialism Spinning jenny Entrepreneurs

Questions to Answer……. What were the contributions to Britain Industrial Revolutions? The textile industry met its last major challenge to full mechanization with the development of what? What did the spread of the factory system result in? The Industrial Revolution created new jobs in what areas? The steam engine, used to drive machinery improved what?

The Industrial Revolution in Great Britain The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain in the 1780’s. There were several reasons why it started there: first, agricultural practices in the eighteenth century had changed. The Industrial Revolution created new jobs in all areas, such as railroad construction, factory production, and coal mining, however, not in FARMING!!!

Industrial Revolution Second, with more abundant food supplies, the population grew. This increase created a large labor force to work in the new factories in Britain. This money is called capital. Many British people were very wealthy and were interested in finding new business opportunities and new ways to make profits. These people are called entrepreneurs.

Industrial Revolution Fourth, natural resources, such as coal and iron ore, were plentiful in Britain. Finally Britain had a huge empire that gave the British many markets for their goods. One of the main industries in Great Britain was the production of inexpensive cotton goods.

Cotton There were two steps in the manufacture of cotton cloth– spinning (make thread) and weaving (turning the thread of cloth). Originally, the work was done by individuals in their rural homes. This production method is known a cottage industry. By 1787, Edmund Cartwright had invented a water-powered loom that made it possible for the weaving of cloth to catch up with the spinning of thread.

Cotton The cotton industry became even more productive when the steam engine was improved by a Scottish engineer, James Watt. The Spinning jenny was an invention that improved thread production. By 1840, cotton cloth was Britain’s most valuable product.

Industrial Revolution Factories created a new labor system.

The Spread of Industrialization By the mid-nineteenth century, Great Britain had become the world’s first and richest industrial nation. The Industrial Revolution spread to the rest of Europe at different times and speeds. An Industrial Revolution also occurred in the new nation of the United States.

The Spread of Industrialization A powerful monarchy did not contribute to Britain’s Industrial Revolution. Improvement in food supplies, large labor force and abundant money supplies all contributed to the Industrial Revolution.

Industrialization in the United States A transportation system to move goods across the nation was vital. By 1860, there were a thousand steamboats on the Mississippi River. By 1860, about 30,000 miles of railroad track covered the United States.

Social Impact in Europe The Industrial Revolution also created an industrial working class. The mills were hot, dirty, dusty, dangerous, and unhealthy. The laws that limited the work hours of children and women gradually led to a new patter of work.

Social Impact in Europe The Industrial Revolution also created an industrial working class. The mills were hot, dirty, dusty, dangerous, and unhealthy. The laws that limited the work hours of children and women gradually led to a new patter of work.

Social Impact in Europe Men were now expected to earn most of the family income by working outside the home. Women took over daily care of the family and performed low-paying jobs, such as laundry work, that could be done in the home.

Social Impact in Europe In the first half of the nineteenth century, the pitiful conditions created by the Industrial Revolution gave rise to a movement known as socialism. Socialism is a system in which society, usually through government, owns and controls some means of productions. Later socialists called these early socialists utopians because they thought their ideas were impractical dreams.

Social Impact in Europe Robert Own, a British cotton manufacturer, was on utopian socialist. He believed that humans would show their natural goodness if they lived in a cooperative environment. The spread of the factory system resulted in : the movement away from home production, the need for more power, and increased exports of British cotton goods. It did not result in poorer quality of iron.

Social Impact in Europe The textile industry met its last major challenge to full mechanization with the development of improvements to the steam engine.

Activity Please turn to page 368 in your book and read the following passage entitled “Young People In….” and complete the questions 1-3.