1. The Industrial Revolution

2. Key Terms
Industry – any business, usually manufacturing, that creates products for sale
Revolution – a sudden & rapid change in society
Patent – a legal right to be the only one allowed to make a product. Protects the inventors ideas from being stolen
Capital – money required to start a business. It may be borrowed as a loan from banks or from individuals
Factory System – a large scale method of manufacturing, using machines & workers in one large building

3. Mass Production – making large quantities of an item which reduces the cost of each unit & increases profit.
Assembly line – stages in production where the products passes from one worker to the next to perform a specific job
Cottage industry – small scale manufacturing done in the home or cottage of a single craftsperson (ex: Weaver making cloth at home on a loom)

4. Reasons the Ind. Rev. Began in Britain “The Workshop of the World”
Natural resources (coal & iron, rivers, natural harbours, temperate climate)
Medical advances gave higher birth rates, lower death rates which provided a growing population (more people filled jobs, larger domestic market)
Private entrepreneurs provided capital for industrialization
Improvements in agriculture to feed the growing population
Foreign trade provided access to the colonies markets which provided raw materials
Britain was free from invasion & domestic unrest which allowed them to pursue its industrial course without interruption

5. The Cottage Industry
Weavers bought supplies from merchants & spun them into textiles
They sold their products for more than the cost of the supplies to make a profit.
Soon, production could not meet demand & new inventions and the factory system replaced the cottage industry
Population move from country to city (cottages/farms to factories)

6. Inventions of the Ind. Rev.
The Flying Shuttle by John Kay (1733)
Helped increase speed when weaving cloth

7. The Spinning Jenny by James Hargreaves (1770)

8. The Water Frame by Sir Richard Arkwright (1769)
Harnessed water power to produce textile materials
Signaled the need to move to specialized mills near water sources
Creation of factories

9. The Steam Engine by James Watt (1769)
This was the single most important invention of the early Ind. Rev.
Provided power that would run everything from textile factories & steel mills to locomotives & huge ships
Improved transportation & communication b/c destinations could be reached much more quickly
Provide continuous supply of power & could be located near raw materials & transportation centers

10. The Power Loom by Edmund Cartwright (1787)

11. The Factory System
Obviously, the cottage industry could not keep up with supply and demand.
These new machines were often too big to be put into homes so they were put into factories.
Factories were located near a power source (coal, water, or forest.)
Prices of mass produced textiles become less expensive to make and purchase than hand produced ones, thus forcing people out of work
As a result, because of supply and demand workers in the cottage industry had to leave home to find work in the factories.

12. Iron Production Iron was the second industry to become mechanized
With the steam engine, etc, cheap & plentiful iron provided the tough industrial material needed for
Agricultural implements
Building materials
Military hardware
Industrial machinery
Britain soon became the world’s
leading producer of iron
Steam power use increased with iron production
Led to the formation of the railways which were a symbol of the industrial age b/c they tied coal, iron & steam together.

14. Results of Improved Transportation Systems
Development of roads & canals
Reduced costs of moving raw materials which reduced costs of finished materials
Railways cheap & fast transportation of goods
Huge amount of workers required to build & maintain railroads
Export industry – British goods were exported all over the world
Britain became most industrialized country in the world
Over ½ the population lived in cities