1. Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain in the 1780’s and took several decades to spread to the other Western nations

2. Contributing factors to industrialization
Increased food supply
Expansion of farmland
Good weather
Improved transportation
New crops (potato)

3. Contributing factors to industrialization
Increase in population
Parliament passed laws allowing people to fence off land- enclosure movement
Forced many peasants to move to cities to work in factories

4. Contributing factors to industrialization
Capital
Invest in factories and machines
Wealthy citizens- entrepreneurs
Interested in finding business opportunities to make money

5. Contributing factors to industrialization
Natural resources
Rivers provided water power and a way to transport raw materials
Supply of coal and iron ore
Large supply of markets
Could sell products almost anywhere in the world

6. Contributing factors to industrialization
Cotton production
Two step method
Spinning cotton to thread
Weaving thread on a loom

7. Cottage industry- done at home by individual
Flying shuttle- made weaving faster
Spinners could not produce thread fast enough
Spinning Jenny (James Hargreaves) - spin cotton to thread faster
Now thread was produced faster than weavers could weave the thread
Edmund Cartwright- water powered loom to weave faster
Needed workers in factories near rivers and streams

8. James Watt- improved the steam engine in 1782
Fired by coal
Now a steam powered factories could be placed anywhere
million pounds of cotton was imported
million pounds of cotton was imported
million pounds of cotton was imported

9. Coal and Iron industry 1780’s better production of iron
Steam engine depended on coal
Production of coal increase
Aided transformation of the iron industry
1780’s better production of iron
Use of puddling- burned away impurities in crud iron to produce a higher quality
,000 tons
,000 tons
million tons

10. Railroads 1804- first steam powered locomotive
Could carry 10 tons of ore and 70 people at 5mph
1830 the rocket first public railway line 16mph
Liverpool to Manchester
20 years later could go 50mph
Created jobs
Lowered the price of goods
Larger markets

11. New factories Created a new work environment
Factory owners wanted work done around the clock
Workers worked in shifts to make this possible
Workers were fined if they were late and dismissed for misconduct
Child workers were beaten

12. Industrialization spread throughout Europe
Belgium, France, and Germany
Governments spent money on industrialization
Railroads were built across Europe
United states
In of 7 workers were farmers
By 1860 population grew from 5 million to 30 million
9 cities had population above 100,000
Only 50% of workers were farmers

13. Social Impact of Industrialization
Social life drastically changed with industrialization
Between 1750 and 1850 population almost doubled.
Decline in death rates, wars, and disease (small pox and plague)
Increase in food supply
Famine almost disappeared
Cities population grew
Left farm land to work in the city
Living conditions in the cities were bad
Industrial Capitalism- an economic system basked on industrial production

14. Brought a new middle class
Before middle class were merchant, official, artisan, professionals, bankers
New middle class included people who built factories, bought and sold machines, and found markets to sell products
Often greedy
“getting of money…is the main business of the life of men”

15. Working class 12-16 hour days, 6 days a week, ½ hour lunch
No job security
No minimum wage
Unhealthy working conditions
Sometimes degrees
Dirty, dusty
Dangerous- cave-ins, explosions, gas fumes

16. Factory Act 1833- had to be 9 to work in a factory
9-13 year olds could only work 8 hour days
13-18 years could only work 12 hour days
Women made 50% of work force
Paid half as much as men

17. During the cottage industry the whole family worked together
Now men had to bring in the most money and women did the house work
Industrialization led to socialism
Society owns and controls the means of production
Robert Owen was a utopian socialist- humans would show their natural goodness if they lived in a cooperative environment
Created a town in Scotland that flourished
Tried in the United States but failed