1. Industrial Revolution
Semester 2 – Day 134

2. Video and Questions
How did the use of cast iron drive the first industrial revolution?
What powered the second industrial revolution?
What problems did workers in heavy industry have to face?
Give an example of how technological revolutions can lead to social change.
What was the Crystal Palace?

3. Industrial Revolution in Great Britain
Began in 1780s
Contributing Factors
Change in agricultural practices (more food)
Population grew
Capital (ready supply of money)/entrepreneurs
Natural resources were plentiful
Supply of markets for goods

4. Changes in Cotton Production
18th century: cottage industry – cotton thread from raw cotton; thread turned into cloth on looms all done in private homes
Flying shuttle: made weaving faster
Spinning jenny: made thread faster
Water-powered loom
More efficient machines made the need for factories
James Watt improved the steam engine (coal)

5. Coal and Iron Industries
More coal needed for the steam engine
Puddling: a new process for producing iron from iron ore
Coke, derived from coal, is used to burn away impurities in crude iron
High-quality iron used for new machines and new means of transportation

6. Railroads Needed for moving resources and goods. Created new jobs
Less expensive transportation for lower-priced goods

7. New Factories Created a new labor system
Workers worked in shifts to keep machines constantly producing

8. Spread of Industrialization
Europe: first countries to industrialize were Belgium, France and the German states
North America:
Large population
Transportation system
Robert Fulton: 1st paddle-wheel steamboat
Women and girls worked in textile factories
Families were employed to work in factories

9. Social Impact in Europe
Cities and towns grew dramatically
More food = larger populations
Poor living conditions due to overpopulation
Industrial Middle Class: made up of people who built factories, bought machines, and figured out where markets were.
Industrial Working Class: worked 12 to 16 hours a day, six days a week, no minimum wage or job security; dangers conditions; women paid less than men; many children employed.

10. Early Socialism
Socialism: a system in which society owns and controls some means of production, such as factories and utilities.
Believed in equality of all people and wanted to replace competition with cooperation
Robert Owen, utopian socialist, believed that humans would show their natural goodness if they lived in a cooperative environment.

11. Assignment: Honors Guided Reading 19-1

12. Assignment: Regular – Workbook pg 95