The Beginnings of Industrialization The Industrial Revolution starts in England and soon spreads to other countries.

The Agricultural Revolution Wealthy farmers in Great Britain began to buy up smaller farm land Farmers begin to experiment with new ways to produce more crops

Agricultural Revolution Paves the Way for Industrial Revolution Enclosures Enclose farm land Allows farmers to experiment with new agricultural methods Rotating Crops Switching crops each year to avoid depleting the soil Breeding – only breed the best animals

Enclosure

Revolution in Great Britain 1700s = change in technology energy source changed from human & animal power to machinery Industrial Revolution occurred when use of power-driven machinery was developed This started in Great Britain WHAT PROVIDED THE ENERGY FOR WORKING BEFORE MACHINES? (different phrasing) WHO OR WHAT DID THE WORK?

Why did Industrial Revolution Begin in Great Britain? Britain had the natural resources needed Expanding economy allows Great Britain to invest in new ideas Has all factors of production Land, labor, capital

Other Factors for Success in Great Britain exploration and colonialism power of the sea political stability government support growth of private investment exploration and colonialism HOW COULD EXPLORATION AND COLONIALISM HELP GREAT BRITAIN INDUSTRIALIZE? power of the sea HOW WOULD HAVING A GOOD CONTROL OF THE SEA HELP GREAT BRITAIN? (different phrasing) HOW WERE RAW MATERIALS AND GOODS TRANSPORTED? political stability government support growth of private investment

Factors of Production: Land Great Britain had great natural resources coal for fuel iron for steel & machinery waterways (rivers & canals) to generate power and transport raw materials and goods land = all of a place’s natural resources mid 1700s  England had about 1,000 miles of canals By 1800  4,000 miles of canals Great Britain also had deepwater harbors to create ports for long-distance shipping

map on left shows coal fields and iron ore deposits map on right shows rivers that could be use for transporting and canals NOTICE HOW THE CANALS ARE NEAR THE COAL FIELDS AND IRON ORE DEPOSITS http://wps.ablongman.com/long_kishlansky_bhwc_4/0,9294,1413993--1413996,00.html

Factors of Production: Labor Great Britain’s population grew because of greater food supply enclosure movement took land away from small farmers resulted in surplus of available workers people who lost their farmland were often entire families, who then moved to the cities to work in industry

Factors of Production: Capital capital is the money or property a business needs to stay in business capital can be money, machines, or people people who specialized in one area had abilities and skills to their advantages people like Jethro Tull and other inventors were among this group of specialized people

A Revolution in Textiles a cottage industry is an occupation in which you make a craft and it is done in your home making cloth had been a cottage industry cloth was made mostly with wool What happened to these skilled people when machines started taking their jobs?

A New Way of Making Cloth cloth was now made from wool and cotton more sheep could be raised due to the enclosure movement cotton came to Great Britain from the colonies new inventions helped the process of cloth making WHERE DID THE COTTON COME FROM?

Cotton Gin invented by Eli Whitney removed seeds from raw cotton invented by Whitney in 1793 HOW WERE THE SEEDS REMOVED BEFORE THE COTTON GIN? http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/IMAGES/Texas/cotton_gin.jpg http://www.ospenterprises.com/southernblock/images/cotton%20gin.jpg

Spinning Jenny invented by James Hargreaves spun multiple threads at one time threads were still thick and broke easily invented in 1764 http://www.clemson.edu/caah/history/FacultyPages/PamMack/lec122/britir.htm

Spinning Frame invented by Richard Arkwright similar to the spinning jenny spun stronger, thinner threads invented in 1768 the spinning frame spun cotton fiber into threads http://www.uncp.edu/home/rwb/arkwright_water_frame2.jpg

“Flying Shuttle” invented by John Kay pushed thread back and forth on loom automatically had been done by the weaver pushing the shuttle back and forth allowed for looms to be wider than arm’s width invented in 1733 the flying shuttle doubled the speed at which a worker could do the job many workers lost their jobs

Power Loom invented by Edmund Cartwright in 1785 automated the weaving process was invented because faster spinning machines created demand for faster weaving machines much larger and faster than any previous weaving system http://www.cleo.net.uk/followtheyarn/timeline/maufacturing_1785.html

Cloth Making Outside the Home new inventions to speed up the cloth making process were big machines machines needed a special place to house them cloth now made in FACTORIES in 1770, England produced about 50,000 bolts of cloth by 1800, it had increased to 400,000 bolts http://www.industrialrevolutionresearch.com/images/factory2.jpg

Where to Build a Factory? Machines first powered by water Factories were located near water source to harness that power

Steam Powers the Revolution steam is created when water is heated to the point of vaporizing water vapors expand when hot steam engines were invented in 1712 by Thomas Newcomen http://www.bjkp.gov.cn/bjkpzc/kxcl/rw/images/200311255685.jpg

Newcomen Steam Engine http://www.newcomen.com/engine.jpg

Development of the Steam Engine James Watt innovated Newcomen’s steam engine to be more efficient Watt’s engine was better suited for factories 1802  Richard Trevithick put a steam engine in first locomotive 1807  Robert Fulton developed the first steamship WHAT IS AN ADVANTAGE OF STEAM POWER OVER WATER POWER FOR USE IN FACTORIES? steam-powered trains made it possible to ship finished goods faster steamships replaced sailing ships on the open sea

Coal for British Steam Engines coal mining industry in northern and western England grew by 1800, Great Britain produced 80% of Europe’s coal mining was dangerous explosions coal dust collapsing shafts hard labor children were hired to slip down narrow shafts and pick and haul coal their lives were hard and many became “crooked and deformed” http://www.websters-online-dictionary.org/definition/english/CO/COAL+MINING.jpg

Steel Industry Helps Bessemer Process developed Helps mass produce steel Steel industry spurs on other industries

WASN’T THIS FUN!!!!!!