1. Industrial Revolution Take Home Notes
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2. 7-3.4 Industrial Revolution Begins
In the 1700’s many agricultural changes happened:
Enclosure: landowners stopped renting to small farmers and fenced off land to make big farms. They would plant a single cash crop or raise sheep for wool
Crop Rotation: rotating fields to keep the soil fertile
Farming Technology: new tools to be more efficient

3. As more food became available population increased
As bigger farms became the norm small farmers often lost their jobs and had to move
Rural to Urban Migration
Rural= country Urban= city Migration = move
People moved from the country to the city to find new jobs, urbanization

4. Rivers: provided power source and transportation
Why did the Industrial Revolution start in
Great Britain?
Capital: landowners had extra money that they could invest into businesses
Rivers: provided power source and transportation
Iron: used to make machines and steel
Coal: fuel for powering machines
Population: people could work in factories and buy goods that were made

5. Originally Britain had a Cottage Industry
Domestic System where goods were made at home
As machines develop instead of making goods at home, goods will be made in factories

6. Flying Shuttle: 1753- John Kay
Increased textile (cloth) production by doubling the amount of weaving a worker could do in one day

7. Spinning Jenny
1760’s- James Hargreaves
Spinners could spin cotton thread quickly, they could do 8 threads at one time

8. Water Frame
1768- Richard Arkwright
Used water as a power source for spinning machines (good thing Britain had a lot of rivers!!)

9. Steam Engine
1769- James Watt
Replaced water power with steam power, factories wouldn’t have to be built next to rivers anymore

10. Water Powered Loom
1787- Edmund Cartwright
Wove cloth as fast as spinning machines made it

11. Cotton Gin
1793- Eli Whitney
Cleaned cotton seeds 50 times faster than people by hand

12. As textiles were made faster in factories there was more wool and cotton needed to keep up
As machines developed there was more coal and iron that needed to be mined

13. 7-3.4 Increased Production
In order to make goods faster investors focused on the factory system- machines and people in one large location
Due to the steam engine they could transport goods by railroad and steam boat far distances (increased the need for iron and coal)
Mass Production: when a factory would make a huge quantity of identical goods at a cheap price

14. Interchangeable Parts: using machine made parts that are exactly alike
Interchangeable Parts: using machine made parts that are exactly alike. Made it easier to fit items together and fix broken pieces (Eli Whitney)
Division of Labor: each worker would have a specialized task
Assembly Line: products are put together in a moving line

15. 7-3.4 Social Classes & Worker Life
If you lived in the city and worked in a factory there were many struggles being in the lower class
Low pay, long hours (14 hours a day/6 days a week)
Children worked in factories
Dangerous working condition
Low quality housing
Crowded apartments without running water
High crime because of poverty
Pollution from factories
Not enough police

16. Middle and Upper Classes had a much better lifestyle
They owned businesses and worked as managers
They moved to nice homes in the suburbs
They had free time and leisure activities

17. They would go on strike to get:
Unions- workers will join together to improve conditions and lower the gap between classes
They would go on strike to get:
Safety
Higher pay
Shorter hours
Parliament and Congress will begin to regulate factory conditions

18. 7-3.4 Industrial Revolution Economics
Laissez-faire Capitalism (let it be) was how the economy was run at the start of the Ind. Rev.
All factors of production were privately owned and the government was not involved
Capitalism is based on: competition, supply and demand, and self interest
Capitalism represents the American dream work hard and you will succeed 

19. The downside of capitalism is disparity of wealth
The successful get more and more rich and the poor get worse off
Workers of the Ind. Rev. felt like they were beat down by capitalism and wanted the government to get involved (minimum wage)

20. Many people began to support Socialism, the government would plan the economy to promote equality and end poverty
Many of these ideas were inspired by ‘The Communist Manifesto’ by Karl Marx
This was a controversial idea but the working class felt they would be better protected with it
Labor unions and socialists worked together to make change

21. 7-3.4 Industrial Revolution Good or Bad?
Benefits
New inventions
Many goods at lower cost
New transportation and communication
Growth of middle class
Growth of cities
Job opportunities
Independence for women
Problems
Accidents and deaths
Bad working conditions
Long working hours
Low pay
Unhealthy living conditions
Pollution
Loss of village communities
More time traveling
Families working in separate jobs