1. The Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution starts in England and soon spreads to other countries.

2. Industrial Revolution Begins in Britain
New Ways of Working
Industrial Revolution—greatly increases output of machine-made goods.
Revolution begins in England in the middle 1700s.
Industrialization—move to machine production of goods

3. Origins Agricultural revolution
Horse and steel plow
Fertilizer use
Yields improved 300%
Growth of foreign trade for manufactured goods
Foreign colonies
Increase in ships and size
Successful wars and foreign conquest

4. Origins – Why England? Factors in England No civil strife
Government favored trade
Laissez faire
Large middle class
Island geography
Mobile population
Everyone lived within 20 miles of navigable river
Tradition of experimental science
Weak guilds

5. Cottage Industry: aka the “Putting Out” System or the Domestic System
You produce goods in your own home!

6. New Industries of the Industrial Revolution
The Agricultural Industry
The Textile Industry
Steam & Steel
Transportation
Technology (Electricity)

7. 1. The Agricultural Industry

8. The Agricultural Revolution paves the way
Enclosures—large farm fields enclosed by fences or hedges
Wealthy landowners buy, enclose land once owned by village farmers.
Enclosures allowed experimentation with new agricultural methods

10. Industrial Revolution Begins in Britain
Rotating Crops
Crop rotation—switching crops each year to avoid depleting soil
Livestock breeders allow only the best to breed, improve food supply.
Don’t need as many farm workers as in the past!
Satellite image of rotated crops in Kansas in June 2001

12. 2: The Textile industry

13. Changes in the Textile Industry
Weavers work faster with flying shuttles and spinning jennies
Water frame uses water power to drive spinning wheels

14. Spinning Yarn
Before

15. “Spinning Jenny” James Hargreaves (1767)
After
“Spinning Jenny” James Hargreaves (1767)

16. Richard Arkwright: “Pioneer of the Factory System”

17. John Kay’s “Flying Shuttle”

18. The Power Loom Edmund Cartwright (1785)

19. The Cotton Gin: Eli Whitney (1793)

21. Spinning Jenny

22. 3. Steam and Iron

23. James Watt’s Steam Engine

24. Steam Tractor

25. Steam Ship (1776)

26. John Wilksinson: Ironmaster 1728-1808
The Great Staffordshire Bridge
Iron Barge (ship)

27. 4. CHANGES IN TRANSPORTATION

28. The Steam Locomotive
Richard Trevithick
The London Steam Carriage

29. Richard Trevithick continued…
1804 Locomotive
“Catch-Me-Who-Can”
1808

30. An Early Steam Locomotive

31. Later Locomotives

32. The Impact of the Railroad

33. 5. Technology

34. Alessandro Volta built one of the first batteries
Alessandro Volta built one of the first batteries. He was one of the first people to learn about electricity.

35. Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone
Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone. He hoped people would answer the phone and say “ahoy” instead of “hello”

36. Thomas Edison is credited with inventing the light bulb
Thomas Edison is credited with inventing the light bulb. We can now stay up past sunset!