Plant notes outline I.Characteristics A.Multicellular eukaryote B.Cell wall = cellulose C.Autotrophic II.Types A. Nonvascular B. Vascular 1. xylem 2. phloem C. transpiration III.Plant organs chart IV.Angiosperms vs. Gymnosperms V.Monocots vs. Dicots

Plant Notes:

Plants: Multicellular eukaryotes Cell walls of cellulose Autotrophic – use photosynthesis to make food  Carbon dioxide + water + light Oxygen + glucose

Types of Plants: Non-Vascular: no system for transporting water or sugar  Must be low to the ground and only a few cells thick  Examples include moss, liverworts

Types of Plants: Vascular: contain a system of tubes for transporting water & sugar (like a circulatory system)  Xylem: carries water from roots to stem and leaves  Phloem: carries sugar (food) from leaves to rest of plant  Examples: house plants, trees, ferns, flowers

Plant organ chart Plant organFunctions (jobs)Types/ labels Roots Stems Leaves Flowers Gymnosperms Angiosperms Monocot Dicot

Plant Organs: Roots:  Functions: Anchors plant Absorb minerals and water from the soil Store food (in some cases)  Types of Roots: (draw pictures) Fibrous (grass) Taproot (carrot, beet) stores food

Plant Organs: Stems:  Functions: Support leaves/ flowers Transport water up (xylem) Transport sugar throughout (phloem)  Types of stems: Woody: hard and rigid, increase in size every year Herbaceous: live only one growing season (green)

Plant Organs: Leaves:  Function: Trap light for photosynthesis thin so light can pass through

Structures of a Leaf: Cuticle: waxy layer on top of leaf prevents water loss due to evaporation made of lipids Epidermis: outermost layer of cells Cuticle epidermis

Leaf Structure:  Stomata: openings that allow gas exchange (carbon dioxide in and oxygen out)  Guard cells: open and close stomata  Mesophyll: photosynthetic cells (with chlorophyll)  Vascular bundle: made of xylem and phloem Stomata Guard cells mesophyll Vascular bundle Cuticle epidermis

Transpiration: evaporation of water through the stomata, driven by sun When water enters the guard cells, the pressure causes them to open the stoma As water leaves the guard cells, the pressure is released and the cells close the stoma.

Plant Organs: Flowers:  Function: (reproductive structures) to attract insects for pollination Pollen fertilizes the egg which makes seed (protects embryo and food supply)  Structures: Sepals: usually green, encircle flower Petals: leaf-like, colorful

Plant Structures: Flower Structure:  Stamen: male reproductive parts Anther: holds pollen Filament: holds anther in air  Pistil (carpel): female reproductive parts Stigma: sticky surface where pollen lands Style: tube leading from stigma to ovary Ovary: place where egg is produced

Guess what? When you eat a fruit, you’re eating a ripened ovary that was once a flower When you eat a vegetable, you’re eating other parts of the plant (roots, stems, leaves)

So technically… Not only are peaches, bananas, and oranges fruits But tomatoes, cucumbers, squash, and peppers are fruits too!

GymnospermsAngiosperms  Seeds in flowers  2 kinds: monocots and dicots  Seeds in cones  Needle like leaves (evergreen)

Monocots vs. Dicots: Monocots:  1 seed leaf  long leaves with parallel veins  petals in multiples of 3  Fibrous roots ex. grass, corn Dicots:  2 seed leaves  broad leaves with branched veins  4 or 5 petals  Taproot ex. tree

Are these monocots or dicots?