1. Botany = the study of plants
KINGDOM PLANTAE
Botany = the study of plants
Characteristics That All Plants Have in Common :
Eukaryotic
Multicellular
Autotrophic
Cell Walls made of cellulose

2. Transport of Materials
Menu of Knowledge
Plant Classification
Plant Body Parts
Transport of Materials
In Plants
Growth of Plants
Plant Reproduction
Plant Hormones
Tropisms and
Photoperiodism

3. Plant Classification Kingdom Plantae Non-Vascular Vascular Seedless
Produce Seeds
Gymnosperms
Angiosperms
Monocots
Dicots

4. Non-Vascular Plants
Non-Vascular Plants = plants without tubes for transporting water, minerals, and organic molecules (such as sugar).
Examples of non-vascular plants = mosses and liverworts. These are called Bryophytes.
Moss
Bryophyte Reproductive Cycle
Liverwort

5. Vascular Plants
Vascular plants = plants with tubes to transport water, minerals, and organic molecules (such as sugars).
Examples of Vascular Plants = all plants except mosses and liverworts

6. Seedless Plants
Seedless Vascular Plants = plants with transport tubes but do NOT produce seeds
Examples = Ferns and Horsetails
Fern Life Cycle

7. Plants That Produce Seeds
All plants except mosses (and other Bryophytes) and ferns are plants that produce seeds.
There are two groups of plants that produce seeds :
Gymnosperms and Angiosperms.

8. Gymnosperms Gymnosperms = “naked seeds” or unprotected seeds
All plants that have transport tubes and produce seeds, but have the seeds unprotected are Gymnosperms.
Examples of Gymnosperms = pine trees, fir trees, ‘conifers’, the “Christmas Tree” group.
MALE
FEMALE
LIFE CYCLE OF GYMNOSPERMS
The nature of cones (male vs female...)

9. Angiosperms Plants with protected seeds, or Flowering Plants
All plants EXCEPT mosses, ferns, pine trees and their relatives are Angiosperms.
Angiosperms can be divided into two groups : Monocots and Dicots

10. Monocots vs. Dicots
All plants EXCEPT mosses, ferns, pine trees and their relatives are Angiosperms.
All angiosperms are either monocots or dicots.
Monocots and Dicots are the two divisions of Angiosperms (flowering plants). They are different based on the characteristics described on the next slide.

11. Monocots vs Dicots Monocots Have one seed leaf (cotyledon)
Have fibrous roots
Have parallel leaf veins
Have flower parts in 3’s
Dicots
Have 2 seed leaves (cotyledons)
Have tap roots
Have Pinnate or Palmate leaf vein pattern
Have flower parts in 4’s or 5’s

12. Examples of Monocots and Dicots
Grass, tulips, corn, wheat, daffodils, iris, Palm trees.
Dicots
All flowering plants except the Grass families and the Bulb families.
These are the most successful plants on Earth.

13. Plant Body Parts The body of a plant is composed of : Roots Stems
Leaves
Flowers

14. Plant Body Parts - Roots
Functions :
Anchoring and stability
Absorb water and minerals from the soil
Monocots
Dicots
Root Hairs : microscopic threads growing on roots that increase surface area of the root for better absorption of water and minerals.

15. Plant Body Parts - Stems
Functions
1. transport materials throughout the plant
2. support the plant & hold the leaves up to the sunlight
s/kids/plants/story1/treeb2.gif

16. Cross-Section of a Stem
DEFINE : phloem ; xylem ; cambium ; sapwood ; heartwood ; annual ring

17. Plant Body Parts - Leaves
Functions :
1. To perform photosynthesis to make sugars and other organic compounds.
2. To allow for exchange of gases with the atmosphere (CO2 in and O2 & H2O out).
Veins
Cuticle
Mesophyll
Stomata

18. Plant Body Parts – Leaves (Continued)
Veins = tubes (vascular tissue) to transport water, minerals, sugars, & other organic molecules.
= 2 types of tubes : Xylem transports water & minerals.
Phloem transports sugars & organics.
Cuticle = waxy layer on leaf surface for water-proofing.
.edu/faculty
/farabee/BIOBK/C4leaf.gif

19. Plant Body Parts – Leaves (Continued)
Cuticle
2002/amandakrieger/leafinsideparts.jpg
Vein
Mesophyll = “middle” of leaf made of cells that are green with chlorophyll and do photosynthesis.

20. Plant Body Parts – Leaves (Continued)
Stomata = openings (holes), mostly on the underside of leaves to allow for exchange of gases (CO2 in and O2 & H2O out).
Guard Cells = two cells that surround the stomata. They can open or close to regulate water loss and gas exchange.
Stomata
Guard Cells
Closed Stomata
Open Stomata
These are microscope images from the underside surface (epidermis) of a leaf.

21. Plant Body Parts - Flowers
Flowers = the reproductive structure of a flowering plant (flowering plants = angiosperms).
Flowers have three primary parts: male, female, and sterile (protection & attraction) parts.
Male parts = stamen (made of filament & anther)
Female parts = carpel (made of stigma, style, & ovary)
Sterile parts = sepals and petals

22. Plant Body Parts – Flowers (Continued)
Click for
Plant Reproduction

23. Click here to review Flower Anatomy
Plant Reproduction
Male part of flower = stamen, which produces pollen in the anther of the stamen. Pollen contains plant sperm.
These images are pollen grains containing plant sperm.
Female part of flower = ovary, which is at the base of the carpel and produces the egg.
Click here to review Flower Anatomy

24. Plant Reproduction - Pollination
Pollination = transfer of pollen (containing sperm) from the anther of a flower to the stigma of the carpel of a flower.
Pollination & Fertilization

25. Plant Reproduction (Continued)
Seed = a protective structure that contains the plant embryo and stored food and is covered with a protective seed coat.
The functions of the seed are to protect and nourish the embryo.
Seeds can remain dormant for years before germination.
Seeds are dispersed (transported) by animals eating them or carrying them to other locations.

26. Plant Reproduction (Continued)
Fruit = a ripened ovary that protects the seeds of a plant. The ovary is the base of the carpel at the lower end of a flower.
The fruit contains the seeds. The fruit and seeds are eaten by animals, the fruit is digested and the seeds are passed through the animal digestive tract and deposited in the ground away from the parent plant. This is one way seeds can be dispersed (another way is by the wind, like in dandelions and most trees). Examples of ripened ovaries (fruit) = squash, cucumbers, & tomatoes.