BELL WORK Do you know someone who has cancer? If so write about their struggle with cancer. If not write about if you had cancer.

NON COMMUNICABLE DISEASES CANCER

OBJECTIVES  identify common types of cancer.  recognize some causes of cancer.  explain ways that cancer can be treated.  describe how to reduce the risk of developing cancer.

CANCER Cancer is the second-leading cause of death in the United States. cancer A disease characterized by the rapid and uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells

CANCER When abnormal cells survive the body’s immune system, they divide and may form a tumor. tumor A mass of abnormal cells

CANCER Tumors can be benign or malignant. Malignant tumors can spread to other parts of the body. benign Not cancerous malignant Cancerous

TYPES OF CANCER Skin Cancer Breast Cancer Reproductive Organ Cancer Lung Cancer Colon and Rectal Cancer LeukemiaLymphoma

RISK FACTORS Heredity, age, lifestyle choices, and environmental factors are some of the risk factors that can increase a person’s risk of cancer. risk factors Characteristics or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing a medical disorder or disease

RISK FACTORS Some types of cancer are caused by exposure to carcinogens. carcinogens Substances that cause cancer

RISK FACTORS EXAMPLES ASBESTOS CHEMICALS IN TOBACCO ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT

DIAGNOSING CANCER If a suspicious lump or formation is discovered beneath the skin, a biopsy is usually done on the tissue. biopsy The removal of a sample of tissue from a person for examination X-rays and scanning equipment may be used to detect abnormal cell formations.

WARNING SIGNS C A U T I O N Change in bowel or bladder habits A sore that does not heal Unusual bleeding or discharge Thickening or lump in the breast or elsewhere Indigestion or difficulty swallowing Obvious change in mole or wart Nagging cough or hoarseness The Warning Signs of Cancer

DIAGNOSING CANCER The ABCDs of Melanoma A B C D Asymmetry Border Color Diameter One half doesn’t match the other half. The border is irregular—edges are ragged or blurred. The color is not uniform and may contain shades of brown or black and possibly patches of red, white, or blue. The diameter is larger than the size of a pencil eraser (6mm) or is getting bigger.

TREATING CANCER The most common cancer treatments are: Surgery Radiation therapy Chemotherapy radiation therapy A treatment that uses X-rays or other forms of radiation to kill cancer cells chemotherapy The use of powerful medicines to destroy cancer cells

TREATING CANCER When cancer treatment is successful, cancer is in remission. remission When cancer signs and symptoms disappear

TREATING CANCER Cancer that is in remission is sometimes in danger of a recurrence. recurrence The return of cancer after a remission

Tips for Reducing the Risk of Cancer AVOID TOBACCO AND ALCOHOL LIMIT SUN EXPOSURE BE PHYSICALLY ACTIVE PERFORM SELF-EXAMINATIONS