The American Colonies

WHY? For what reasons did individuals come to America?

New England Colonies

Massachusetts (1620) Pilgrims (Plymouth) Separatists 1st Thanksgiving wanted to separate from the Anglican Church 1st Thanksgiving Mayflower Compact 41 men drew up the agreement to outline fair and equal laws for the colony; signed on the Mayflower 1620

Massachusetts (1630) Puritans John Winthrop Purify and reform Anglican Church Massachusetts Bay Colony Strict religious beliefs; radical John Winthrop “for wee must Consider that wee shall be as a Citty upon a Hill, the eies of all people are uppon us; soe that if wee shall deale falsely with our god in this worke wee have undertaken and soe cause him to withdrawe his present help from us” City Upon A Hill, 1630

New Hampshire (1630) John Mason English and Scots-Irish settlers Economic freedom Settled for religious freedom Escape for those constricted by harsh religious and economic rules of the Puritans Royal Colony

Rhode Island (1636) Connecticut (1636) Roger Williams Exiled by Puritans in Mass. settled in Providence Religious freedom Trade Connecticut (1636) Thomas Hooker Dutch (economic freedom) and English (religious freedom) Asked to leave by Mass. Agriculture and trade

Middle Colonies

New York (1626) New Jersey (1660) Delaware (1638) Peter Minuit Dutch (Netherlands), taken over by English Trade and profits Anglican Proprietary to royal colony New Jersey (1660) Lord Berkley Established by Sweden became English Agriculture, trade and profits Delaware (1638) Dutch, Swedish and English Farming, trade and profits Proprietary

Pennsylvania (1682) Quakers William Penn Proprietary Home to many European Immigrants: Swedish, Dutch, English, Scots-Irish and German Farming Quakers Equality and all possessed “Inner Light” Pennsylvania

Southern Colonies

Virginia (1607) Jamestown 1st permanent settlement mostly males (indentured servants and treasure hunters) 60/900 colonists survived Ruled by John Smith Founded by the Virginia Company Joint-stock company: organized to raise money by selling stocks/shares to investors Becomes royal House of Burgesses (1619)-22 representatives called burgesses met to outline laws for the colony

Maryland (1634) George Calvert, Lord Baltimore Religious freedom for Catholics Established for trade, finding precious metals and to locate a water passage across the continent Farming Proprietary

Maryland Act of Toleration 1649 Granted freedom of worship for all Catholics Symbolic beginning of freedom of religion

North Carolina (1653) South Carolina (1670) Georgia (1733) Group of proprietors: business venture Settlers from Virginia Farming, trade and profit Anglican South Carolina (1670) Group of proprietors Settlers from France, English, Africans and Irish Food crops Proprietary to royal Georgia (1733) General James Oglethorpe Spanish settlements taken by English Debtors and convicts protect colonies from Spanish and French invasions Slow economic growth farmed, harvested lumber and traded furs

The Charter of Carolina 1663

Discrimination African Americans Native Americans Free Slaves Pushed off land by westward settlers

Religious Tolerance Roger Williams Providence, RI Pennsylvania English Quakers German Lutherans Scotch-Irish Presbyterians Swiss Mennonites New York linguistic and cultural diversity First synagogue

Colonial Economy

Economic Diversity: -South= Agriculture -North = Commerce -Towns and cities develop along water

Commerce and Immigrants (New England) Port cities Boston Immigrant population increases due to religious freedom and economic opportunities (German, Scotch-Irish, Dutch) More towns in North than Southern colonies Use town meetings to govern

New England Colonies Shipbuilding Fishing Smaller farms self-sufficient

Middle Colonies’ Economy Diverse in people and business Less slaves Shops, homes and farms

Middle Colonies’ Economy Farming Wheat, barley, rye Commerce Access to water Shipping overseas New York and Philadelphia

Southern Economy John Rolfe and tobacco Plantations develop Virginia, Maryland, NC Plantations develop Need for labor Indentured servants Agree to work for landowner 4-7 years slavery

Southern Plantation Systems Exported cash crops to make money Creates: (1) Large farms around rivers (2) Need for lots of labor (3) Wealthy class of plantation owners

Slave Trade First slaves were captured Native Americans African slave trade flourished by 1700s Slaves endured a harsh voyage: Middle Passage Widespread use in Southern colonies