1. The American Colonies

2. Types of Colonies Royal Colonies
King chooses a royal governor to run the colony
Example: Massachusetts & Virginia

3. Types of Colonies Proprietary Colonies
King gifts land to an individual or group
Examples: Pennsylvania & Maryland

4. Types of Colonies Charter King grants charters to establish colony
Colonies governed themselves
Examples: Connecticut & Rhode Island

5. Southern Colonies

6. First Attempts Roanoke Colony
Sir Walter Raleigh, favorite of Queen Elizabeth I, sent a group of colonists to the island of Roanoke, off the northern coast of North Carolina.
Colonists mysteriously disappeared while John White was away in England.

7. Virginia (1607)
Jamestown
1st permanent settlement mostly males (indentured servants and treasure hunters)
60/900 colonists survived
Ruled by John Smith
Founded by the Virginia Company
Joint-stock company: organized to raise money by selling stocks/shares to investors
Becomes a royal colony
House of Burgesses (1619)-22 representatives called burgesses met to outline laws for the colony

8. Maryland (1634)
Founded by George Calvert as an area of religious freedom for Catholics
Was also established for trade, finding precious metals and to locate a water passage across the continent
Proprietary Colony

9. Maryland Act of Toleration
1649
Granted freedom of worship for all Catholics
Symbolic beginning of freedom of religion

10. North Carolina (1653) South Carolina (1670) Georgia (1733)
Founded by a group of proprietors: business venture
Settlers from Virginia
Farming, trade and profit
Anglican
Becomes a royal colony
South Carolina (1670)
Founded by a group of proprietors
Settlers from France, England, and Africa
Food crops
Proprietary to royal
Georgia (1733)
Founded by General James Oglethorpe as a haven for debtors and convicts intended to protect colonies from Spanish and French invasions
Slow economic growth farmed, harvested lumber and traded furs

11. The Charter of Carolina 1663

12. Bacon’s Rebellion Virginia, 1676 Cause:
Small farmers treated unfairly; wealthy landowners paid
fewer taxes and received many benefits
Rebellion was led by Nathaniel Bacon
Failed but resulted in the
need for representation in
government for the “common
man”

13. New England Colonies

14. Massachusetts Pilgrims (Plymouth) (1620) - led by William Bradford
Separatists
wanted to separate from the Church of England
Mayflower Compact
41 men drew up the agreement to outline fair and equal laws for the colony; signed on the Mayflower

15. Massachusetts Puritans John Winthrop: City upon a Hill
Purify and reform Anglican Church
Massachusetts Bay Colony
Strict religious beliefs; radical
John Winthrop: City upon a Hill

16. New Hampshire (1630) John Mason English and Scots-Irish settlers
Economic freedom
Settled for religious freedom
Escape for those constricted by harsh religious and economic rules of the Puritans
Royal Colony

17. Rhode Island (1636) Connecticut (1636)
Founded by Roger Williams after being exiled by Puritans in Massachusetts settled in Providence
Religious freedom: most religiously tolerant colony
Connecticut (1636)
Founded by Thomas Hooker after being asked to leave Massachusetts for dissenting with Puritan leaders.
Settled by the Dutch for economic freedom and the English for religious freedom.
Agriculture and trade

18. Middle Colonies

19. New York (1626) New Jersey (1660) Delaware (1638) Peter Minuit
Dutch (Netherlands), taken over by English
Trade and profits
Anglican
Proprietary to royal colony
New Jersey (1660)
Established by Dutch and Swedish but became English.
Land given to friend of the King, Lord Berkely
Delaware (1638)
Dutch, Swedish and English
Farming, trade and profits
Proprietary Colony

20. Pennsylvania (1682) William Penn Proprietary Colony Quakers
Home to many European Immigrants: Swedish, Dutch, English, Scots-Irish and German
- Allowed for religious freedom
Equality and all possessed “Inner Light”

21. Ethnic and Religious Diversity

22. Discrimination in Massachusetts
Salem Witch Trials (1692-3): series of trials and hangings of people accused of witchcraft

23. Discrimination in Massachusetts
Anne Hutchinson: Puritan spiritual advisor that was banished for her criticism of the colony’s ministers. Fled to Rhode Island.
Roger Williams: Banished for speaking out against the Plymouth church and the colony for taking Indian land without buying it. Fled to & founded Rhode Island.

24. Discrimination African Americans Native Americans Slaves
Pushed off of land
by settlers

25. Religious Tolerance Roger Williams Providence, Rhode Island
Pennsylvania
English Quakers
German Lutherans
Scotch-Irish Presbyterians
Swiss Mennonites
New York linguistic and cultural diversity
First synagogue (Jewish)

26. Colonial Economy

27. Economic Diversity:
-South= Agriculture
-North = Commerce
-Towns and cities
develop along water

28. Economy
Mercantilism: A system where England exploited raw materials produced by the colonies to become rich.
Economic policy
Way for the Mother Country to get rich
Export more than you import, become self-sufficient
Effect= Britain creates rules for colonial trade

29. Southern Economy
John Rolfe and tobacco: Rolfe discovered new ways to cultivate tobacco
Virginia, Maryland, NC
Plantations develop
Need for labor
Indentured servants
Agree to work for landowner for 4-7 years, then given freedom
slavery

30. Southern Plantation Systems
Exported cash crops to make money
Creates:
(1) Large farms around rivers
(2) Need for lots of labor
(3) Wealthy class of plantation owners

31. New England
Commerce
Port cities
Boston
Shipbuilding
Fishing

32. Immigration to Colonies
Immigrant population increases due to religious freedom and economic opportunities (German, Scotch-Irish, Dutch)
Came in search of prosperity and wealth and to avoid religious persecution
Voluntary and involuntary immigration

33. Slave Trade African slave trade flourished by 1700s
Slaves endured a harsh voyage: Middle Passage
Widespread use in Southern colonies

34. Slave Trade Ship

36. Colonial Government Britain allows the colonies to govern themselves
Salutary neglect: Because Britain was thriving economically in large part due to their exploitation of the colonies, they allowed the colonies to govern themselves.
Colonial legislatures hold the power

37. Self-Government & the Colonies
Enlightenment (1600s)
John Locke ( )
Two Treatises on Government (1690)
Natural rights: life, liberty, property
These rights can’t morally be taken away by government
Social contract theory
Implied contract between government and citizens
People submit themselves to follow the law for the common good and to cultivate civic virtue
Government fails= replace government

38. Self-Government & the Colonies
House of Burgesses (1619)
First elected body in New World
Citizens should have a voice
Created laws for the colony of
Jamestown
Mayflower Compact (1620)
Document drafted by Pilgrims
Created an elected legislature
Government received power from
the people of the colony
Demonstrates desire to be ruled by local government instead of England

39. Self-Government & the Colonies
Town meetings
Representative government
Local citizens met to discuss and vote on issues
Belief in democratic ideals
Town meetings were more popular in the North because there were more towns there than in the South
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut (1639)
Written body of laws for the colony
Government’s power came only from the “free consent of the people”
Set limits on what government could do