Non-infectious Disease

What is it? Disease that does not spread from person to person Usually chronic Examples: –Cancer –Allergies –Diabetes –Autoimmune diseases-arthritis

Diabetes Pancreas does not produce enough insulin Both types have genetic tendencies Type 1 –Immune system attacks pancreas –Pancreas stops producing insulin –No cure –Occurs in childhood or adolescence Type 2 –Body doesn’t respond to insulin –Occurs in adulthood –Risk factors: high blood pressure, overweight –Cured by weightloss

Autoimmune diseases Immune system attacks own cells –Multiple sclerosis-nervous system –Rheumatoid arthritis- joints –Lupus- skin, joints, kidneys No cure

Allergies Immune system overreacts to foreign substances Common allergens –Penicillin –mold –Dust –pollen Treated with antihistamines

Cancer Body cells divide out of control Cell cycle becomes unregulated Caused by mutations of genes –Pathogens- viruses can mutate genes –Chemicals- nicotine –Radiation- UV light

4 main types Carcinoma –External/skin Sarcoma –Internal tissue/bone,muscle Leukemia –Blood forming tissue (marrow, spleen) Lymphoma –Lymph system (lymph nodes, lymph fluid)

Tumors Form when cells grow uncontrollably into a mass. Benign-Not cancer –Cells stay clumped –Can be removed easily –Can cause damage in the brain Malignant-Cancer –Cells spread out –Infect other tissues –Especially dangerous if infects lymph nodes –Spreading called metastasis

Treatment Chemotherapy- –Chemicals are put into the body to destroy fast growing cells –Targets cancer cells (as well as hair and blood cells) Radiation –Uses radiation beams to kill cancer cells and target tumors –Can make you sick

Other option Surgery –Remove tumor –Remove entire organ if possible (breast, ovaries, testes)

Women Breast cancer –Hard to detect because of mammary glands –Can be malignant or benign Ovarian cancer –Tumors on ovary tissue –Can spread into the uterus if not caught Cervical cancer –Tumors form on cervix –Can spread to other body parts

Men Prostate cancer –Gland that makes seminal fluid/between rectum and bladder –Tumors can be benign or malignant. Can cause death Testicular cancer –Tumors form in testes – Most common among young men Breast cancer –1,700 diagnosed every year –Tumors form in breast area

Environmental Lung cancer –Caused by tobacco smoke, asbestos, genetics Skin Cancer/melanoma –UV radiation –Family history –Usually benign and can be removed, malignant can be deadly Throat/mouth –Chewing and smoking tobacco –Drinking alcohol –Can cause permanent damage to larynx and tongue