1. Introduction to Cancers
Mrs. Frasca

2. What is Cancer?
Cancer is a term used for diseases in which abnormal cells divide without control and are able to invade other tissues
There are more than 100 different types of cancer

3. What is Cancer? Cancers can be grouped into several categories:
Carcinoma (Begins in skin or tissues that line or cover internal organs)
Sarcoma (Begins in bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, or other connective/supportive tissue)
Leukemia (Starts in blood-forming tissue such as the bone marrow)
Lymphoma and Myeloma (Begins in the immune system)
Central Nervous System Cancers (begins in brain and spinal cord)

4. How Does Cancer Happen? EXPLANATION:
The body is made up of many cells. These cells grow and divide in a way to produce more cells as needed to keep the body healthy.
When cells become old or damaged, they die and are replaced with new healthy cells.
However, sometimes this process goes wrong.

5. How Does Cancer Happen?

6. How Does Cancer Happen?
The genetic material (DNA) of a cell can become damaged or changed, producing mutations that affect normal cell growth and division.
When this happens, cells do not die when they should and new cells form when the body does not need them.
The extra cells may form a mass of tissue called a tumor.

7. Tumors Not all tumors are cancerous, they can be benign or malignant
Benign = not cancerous
Can usually be removed
Usually don’t spread through out body
Malignant = cancerous
Cells invade tissue and spread through body
“Metastasis” = The spread of cancer from 1 body part to another

8. How Does Cancer Happen?
Cancer can spread to other parts of the body through the blood or lymph systems
Cancers are named based on the organ or body part in which they started

9. Quick Videos http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LEpTTolebqo

10. Common Types of Cancer Bladder Cancer Breast Cancer
Colon and Rectal Cancer
Endometrial Cancer
Leukemia
Lung Cancer
Pancreatic Cancer
Prostate Cancer
Thyroid Cancer

11. Cancer Facts
Estimated new cases and deaths from cancer in the United States in 2012:
New cases: 1,638,910 (does not include nonmelanoma skin cancers)
Deaths: 577,190

12. Bladder Cancer Cancer that forms in the tissues of the bladder
Chronic irritation and inflammation
Smoking implicated in ½ of the cases in women

13. Breast Cancer Cancer that forms in the tissue of the breast
Usually in the ducts (tubes that carry milk) or the lobules (glands that make milk)
Occurs in men
and women

14. Colon and Rectal Cancer
Colon Cancer = forms in the tissues of the colon (the longest part of the large intestine)
Rectal Cancer =
forms in the last
several inches of
the large
intestine

15. Endometrial Cancer
Starts in the endometrium (the lining of the uterus)
Only in WOMEN!!!
Most common type of uterine cancer
Exact cause is still
unknown but experts
have linked high
levels of estrogen to
endometrial cancer

16. Leukemia Starts in blood-forming tissue such as bone marrow
Causes large number of blood cells to be produced and to enter the bloodstream
Acute Leukemia = fast spread
through bloodstream (common
In children)
Chronic Leukemia = slow
progression (more common in
Elderly)

17. Lymphoma
Hodgkins
Non-Hodgkins
genetic
Autoimmune disease
HIV/AIDS

18. Lung Cancer
Forms in the tissue of the lung, usually the cells lining the air passages
2 types:
Non-small cell (common)
Small cell (rare)
(depends how cells look
under a microscope)

19. Lung Cancer Deadliest form of cancer
Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of lung cancer
However, people who have never smoked have developed this cancer
Other risk factors:
Asbestos
Toxic gases
Contaminated waters
High levels of air pollution

20. Pancreatic Cancer
A disease where malignant cells are found in the tissue of the pancreas
Quick note:
The pancreas is a gland
located deep in the abdomen
It releases enzymes and
hormones needed to break
down foods for digestion

21. Pancreatic Cancer
Hard to diagnose, and therefore, usually leads to death
Signs and symptoms normally do not appear until cancer is very advanced
If cancer is suspected, tests such as: MRI’s, ultrasounds, and CT scans may be necessary

22. Prostate Cancer
Cancer forms in tissue of the prostate (gland found in the male reproductive system)
(Below the bladder and in front of the rectum)
ONLY in men!!!!
Usually in older men

23. Prostate Cancer

24. Thyroid Cancer Begins in the tissue of the Thyroid
The thyroid is located in the front lower part of your neck
Your thyroid produces hormones that regulate your blood pressure, heart rate, and weight
Most cases can be cured with treatment

25. Thyroid Cancer

26. Skin Cancer

27. Intro to Cancers Some risk factors of cancer that WE CAN control
Oral Cancer and Smoking:
Lung Cancer and Smoking:
Skin Cancer and Exposure to the Sun:

28. Cancers and Treatments
Surgery
Main goal is to remove malignant cells and prevent spread of cancer
Radiation
Uses high-energy particles or waves to destroy cancer cells
Chemotherapy
Use of medicines or drugs
Transplants and transfusions
Donations of healthy blood, bone marrow, organs, etc.
Additional Options
Light therapy, heat therapy, immunotherapy, etc.

29. Cancer Prevention Stay away from tobacco. Stay at a healthy weight.
Get moving with regular physical activity.
Eat healthy with plenty of fruits and vegetables.
Limit how much alcohol you drink (if you drink at all).
Protect your skin.
Know yourself, your family history, and your risks.
Have regular check-ups and cancer screening tests.

30. Assignment:
Using the internet, identify another type of cancer that we did not address in these slides (or that you would like to learn more about)
Answer:
What is the name of this cancer?
Where in the body is it found?
How common is this cancer?
What are the symptoms/signs/side effects?
What is the most common form of treatment?

31. Cancer Movie Options
50/50
My Sister’s Keeper
Stepmom
Erin Brockovich

32. Cancer Video
Watch extended video or movie