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Objectives Students will know: – Cottage industries, the Industrial Revolution, Agricultural Revolution, and inventions of the IR Students will understand: – The needs of an expanding population combined with the factors of production to make England the starting point of the Industrial Revolution. Students will be able to: – Experience the shift from cottage industries to factory life – Identify key advancements in the Industrial Revolution – Propose effects of the Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution

Pre-Industrialization Cottage Industries: before industrialization, goods were made by hand by individuals, usually from their own homes – SLOW process

Agriculture Like in cottage industries, farming was done individually and was slow in creating food. BUT there was always a need for more food.

Agricultural Revolution An event when farming was made easier and more efficient by the invention of the following products and ideas: – Enclosure Movement (British) Landowners increased the amount of land they owned and surrounded them with hedges. – Crop rotation – The seed drill – Better ways to breed livestock

Enclosure Movement

Seed Drill

Crop Rotation

As the food supply increased and living conditions improved, the population rapidly increased and there began to be an increased demand for raw materials and goods.

Industrial Revolution The greatly increased output of machine- made goods that began in England during the 18 th Century – Industrialization: the process of developing the machine production of goods

Why England? Well…

England had all the right resources… 1 st : Water power and coal to fuel new machines 2 nd : Iron ore to construct machines 3 rd : Steel—Henry Bessemer invented the process for making steel 4 th : Cotton textiles were the first important industry 5 th : Rivers and harbors for the transportation of goods in the country and to other countries Revolution began in England and spread to the rest of Europe and the United States

Processing Rank the following events in chronological order: – Agricultural Revolution – Increase in population – Cottage industries – Rise of factories Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in England? Give three specific reasons why.

Advancements 1 st : In the Textile Industry – Spinning Jenny created by James Hargreaves – Water Powered Loom – Factories: People moved their looms from inside their cramped homes and into factories – Cotton Gin: in 1763 Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin to make the tough process of picking cotton easier Cotton production soared as a result: million pounds, million pounds

Spinning Jenny

Water Power Loom

Factories

Cotton Gin-Eli Whitney

2 nd : In Transportation Steam Engine: In 1765, James Watt discovered a way to make the steam engine faster while burning less fuel Steam Boats: invented by Robert Fulton, made transporting products easier = more $$$ Better road construction and toll roads In 1825 the first railroad opened in Britain

Steam Engine: James Watt

Steam Boat: Robert Fulton

Railroad

3 rd : Advancements in Science and Medicine Smallpox vaccine-1800-Edward Jenner Louis Pasteur discovered bacteria – Changed policies in hospitals—forced people to CLEAN instruments and bedding after others used them

Smallpox and Edward Jenner

Louis Pasteur and Bacteria

Processing What effects do you think these advancements/changes will have on life in industrialized countries?

Impact on Industrialized Societies 1 st : Population increase

2 nd —Increased standards of living—BUT NOT FOR ALL

3 rd : Improved transportation

4 th : Urbanization: many farmers were put out of work by the factories and moved to the cities to find work

5 th : Environmental pollution

6 th : Increased education

7 th : Dissatisfaction of working class with working conditions

8 th : Growth of Middle Class

9 th : Increased demand for raw materials, leading

Wrap-Up Activity/Homework Create two images—front and back of paper – 1 image of pre-industrialization – 1 image of post-industrialization – Each image needs a paragraph description to accompany it (see below)

Pre-Industrialization Image must include (label all parts) – Cottage industries – Less People – Less Education – More Agriculture – Less Pollution – Slower, more expensive products – Agricultural Revolution Paragraph should focus on what it was like to live before the Industrial Revolution and why the IR was needed. (6-9 sentences)

Industrialization Image must include (label all parts) – Britain (waterways, natural resources) – Factories – Increase in population – More education – Cheaper, faster products – Bad working conditions – Better transportation – Medical advancements – New inventions Paragraph: Talk about what the Industrial Revolution was, how life changed because of it (both for the good and the bad), and why it was important.