Phonetics… Sound Principles Chapter 3

By the End of this Unit… You will be able to transcribe this: (Jeff Foxworthy’s “Words in the South” You won’t not be able to hear it at home)

If You Were in Charge… …would you implement a spelling system with a “one for one” correspondence between spoken & written words? Why or Why Not?

Audio Ambiguity I scream~ Ice Cream Grade A The sun’s rays meet It’s hard to recognize speech

Sound Safari – I Find ‘audio-ambiguity’ in the lyrics of a song. me with: the title the lyrics with the ambiguity highlighted what the words sound like to you what the words really are a sound file (if possible) Choose I or II, or both for 1.5 total points…

Identical, but distinct Write ‘rite’ ‘rait’ Boiling Springs Bowlin’ Spraings Others?

Speech vs. Orthography Did he believe Caesar could see the people seize the seas? Red Green Blue You Tell Me: The silly amoeba stole the key to the machine (identify the [i]’s)

Why so Many Discrepancies? Developmental influences Old system Global language Phonological changes (next chapter) Variation in speech & writing

Phonetics Defined The branch of linguistics that studies the inventory and structure of the sounds of speech

Phonetic Disciplines Acoustic Phonetics Articulatory Phonetics

Name One (at least) of… The 4 ways [f] is spelled… The 6 ways “a” is pronounced Multiple letters making only one sound in “enough” Find another…

IPA Familiarize yourself Charts inside the covers of the textbook front (vowels) & back (consonants) Focus on American English sounds… Be able to: Produce each sound Identify sounds from description Provide description of sounds Transcribe words

For your Transcription Use the Charts See also: /phonetics/sammy.html (this one helps you visualize how sounds are made… But beware, Sammy offers lots of symbols we don’t need…) /phonetics/sammy.html

A.Nasal Cavity (nasal) B.Soft Palate (Velum) (velar) C.Epiglottis(glottal) D.Vocal cords(voicing) E.Tongue – Back F.Tongue – Front G.Tongue – Tip H.Teeth(dental) I.Lips(labio) J.Alveolar Ridge(alveolar) K.Hard Palate (palatal) B C D G I H J A E F Vocal Tract (for SAE sounds) : K Be ready to identify these areas and talk about what sounds they produce.

Voiced or Voiceless? Put your hands over your ears OR on your larynx: [s]bussip [z] buzzzip thintooth these bathe Except for ‘Approximates’, on the chart the 1 st line = voiceless, 2 nd line = voiced

Consonants (inside the back cover) Manners of Articulation Places of Articulation Chart follows the mouth – front to back… Approximates

What’s the difference? Pronounce each of the following [p] & [t] [t] & [k] [k] & [g] [ f ] & [ h ] [ r ] & [ l ]

Manner of Articulation? Find words for each… What are these? (try it without the chart first…) Stop (stops air flow) Nasal (air  into nasal cavity) Fricative(air barely escapes) Affricate(stop + fricative) Approximate(almost a vowel…)

Place of Articulation? What are these? (try it without the chart first…) Bilabial (two lips together) Labiodental(teeth meet lips) Interdental(tongue between teeth) Alveolar(tongue on Alv. Ridge) Alveolarpalatal (tongue btn A.R. & palate) Velar(back of tongue on velum) Glotttal(epiglottis stops air flow)

Get Some Exercise Find Place & Manner for What’re the IPA symbols for these sounds: Voiced interdental fricative Glottal fricative Voiceless alveopalatal affricate High front tense vowel How can the following sounds be categorized?

Any Questions… …before we move on?

Position Matters Try it yourself: Say “key” then “caw” Try not to move your tongue… Does it sound normal?

Vowels Tongue Lips Nasalization Diphthongs

Get Some Exercise Transcribe the vowels in the following words. Which have the same vowel? backsat[ ] cotcaught[ ] oozedeuce[] mousecow[] hideheight[]

Suprasegmentals (prosodic features) LengthOoooouuuuch! Pitch“e” … vs. Eeeek! Loudness‘Hi’ vs. HI! StressShe said what? ToneMom vs. (aww) Môm

Representing Sounds Transcription Syllables Segments Features

Get Some Exercise Transcription: “I scream for ice cream” Segments How many in “I scream for ice cream”? Syllables How many in “I scream for ice cream”? Features What are the features of [s], [m], and [i]?

Kinds of Sound Change Assimilation (become more alike) Nasalization Voicing Flapping Dissimilation (become less alike) Elision // Deletion (take a sound away) Epenthesis // Intrusion (add a sound) Metathesis (shift sounds around) Vowel Reduction (shorten or ‘schwa’ a sound)

Kinds of Sound Change

Sound Safari – II Find example words for one subcategory of each sound change in the previous slide me the examples highlighting where/how each takes place Choose I or II, or both for 1.5 total points…

If You Were in Charge… Revisited …would you implement a spelling system with a “one for one” correspondence between spoken & written words? Why or Why Not?

For “Tomorrow” Exercises Be aware of these: 3-1,2,3,4,5,7,10 Spend time on these 3-11,12,13 BTW, nothing in this chapter was ‘skippable’ Read Chapter 4 Start your transcription