Dehydration Synthesis (Condensation Reaction) Hydrolysis Is how larger molecules are Is how larger molecules are Removing water Polymers Monomers Adding water Built up Broken down Starch glucose+ glucose+ glucose Glucose + fructose  sucrose. by by So bonds can be made between So bonds in To build up Are broken down into for example For example

Carbohydrates v v v v v v v v v v v v Foods Used for Different levels of complexity Means 1 sugar Means 2 sugars Means many sugar examples examples examples v v v v v v v v Found in arthropods for Found in plants for Found in plants for Found in animals for v v v v Glucose Lactose 1:2:1 Pasta Structure Energy Galactose Fruit Glycogen Sugar Starch Sucrose chitin Short term energy storage Fructose Cellulose Disaccharide Cell wall Polysaccharide Exoskeleton Monosaccharide Milk

(Which means they do not mix with water) foods Lipids Are used for 1. 2. 3. 1. 2. 3. 4. All lipids are (Which means they do not mix with water) 3 groups or classes of lipids are v v Made of Goes towards the inside away from water Used for have 4 fused rings and makes up v and v v v v Which can be v v v Examples Component of v v Liquid at room temp and contains v Solid at room temp, and contains If there is too much it can lead to Goes towards the outside toward water v v v v Examples v v

Lipid word bank: Oils Triglyceride Hydrophobic Steroids Cholesterol Insulation Cell membranes Protection Testosterone Unsaturated Butter Waxes Fatty acids Estrogen Saturated Long term energy storage Hormones Component of cell membrane fats Avacado Phospholipids Bilayer Glycerol No double bonds between the carbons Cardiovascular Disease ( Heart Disease) Hydrophobic Tails At least one double bond between the carbons Cell membrane Hydrophilic Head Chemical Signals

Proteins 1° 2° v 3° 4° Foods Shape of protein determines 1. 2. 3. 4. Used for 1. 2. 3. When the shape changes it is called Made up of Which can be caused by Which have the following chemical structure(draw) 1. 2. Organized into 4 levels of structure Build up by forming 1° To make polypeptides which can then form The “R” group is the variable side group 2° v 3° 4°

Word bank for proteins: Peptide bonds 20 amino acids Proteins Meat Hormones (chemical signals) Denature Folding of amino acids (alpha helix and beta sheets) pH Folding into 3D structure to get function Structure (hair and nails) Dairy Eggs Beans More than one polypetide chain Function Temperature Enzymes Order of amino acids Determines how the protein will fold

Test for Organic Molecules Use indicators To Test for Mixed with On paper it will Positive results Negative results Mixed with Mixed with + Positive results Negative results it will Positive results Negative results Word Bank Biuret Solution Heat for 5 min Orange Proteins Stain red Make it look waxy Purple brown Blue Benedict’s Solution Starch Simple monosaccharaides Iodine Blue/black Lipids Sudan IV

Enzymes Are made of Effected by It works by They function as What the enzyme binds Causes In binds in the area called the To Leads to Active site Denaturation Loss of function Reduce activation energy Protein Temperature substrate pH Catalyst Speed up a reaction