1. Biomolecules

2. Four Organic Compounds:
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
Why organic?

3. Carbohydrates Polymer Monomer monosaccharide Function
(Macromolecule)
Carbohydrates
Monomer
monosaccharide
Function
body’s primary source of energy
structural components
Examples
glycogen (animals); starch (plants)
cellulose (plant cell wall); chitin (fungi
cell wall & exoskeleton)
Diagram
glucose
molecule

4. Three Types of Carbohydrates:
Monosaccharide – “mono” means one
a single sugar
Disaccharide – “di” means two
two sugars
Polysaccharide – “poly” means many
sugars

5. Lipids Polymer Monomer fatty acids & glycerol Function
(Macromolecule)
Lipids
Monomer
fatty acids & glycerol
Function
long term energy storage;
insulation (conserves heat)
Examples
fats, oils, waxes, steroids, hormones (estrogen & testosterone)
phospholipids (cell membrane)
Diagram

6. Common Lipid Structures
Phospholipid Triglyceride
Saturated
(solid lipid)
Unsaturated
(liquid lipid)

7. Proteins Polymer Monomer amino acids Function
(Macromolecule)
Proteins
Monomer
amino acids
Function
needed for growth & repair
Structural components
Examples
enzymes, hemoglobin, antibodies, muscle, collagen, skin, hair, nails,
Diagram
= Polypeptide
Chain
peptide bond

8. Polypeptide Chain Polypeptide Chain = Chain of Amino Acids = Protein
(amine group)
Peptide bonds = bonds between amino acids

9. stores genetic information (DNA) & helps make proteins (RNA)
Polymer
(Macromolecule)
Nucleic Acids
Monomer
nucleotides
Function
stores genetic information (DNA) & helps make proteins (RNA)
Examples
DNA, RNA
Diagram
Nucleotide:

10. Molecular Structure Of . . .
nucleotide
 DNA RNA
nucleotide