Multi-scale approach to HM and POP modelling Oleg Travnikov, Alexey Gusev, Ilia Ilyin, Victor Shatalov, Valeriy Sokovykh Meteorological Synthesizing Centre East of EMEP (EMEP/MSC-E)

GLEMOS: status and new developments Global EMEP Multi-media Modelling System (GLEMOS) Main features: Multi-pollutant formulation (heavy metals, POPs, aerosol, …) Multi-media simulation approach Modular architecture Consistent approach for multi-scale simulations (multiple nesting) Atmosphere Ocean Terrestrial Meteorology Regional Heavy metals (Hg, Pb, Cd, …) POPs (HCB, PCDD/Fs, PAH, …) Chemical reactants Atmospheric aerosol Global Emissions Geophysics National On-going developments: Multi-scale: Testing the nesting procedure Multi-media: Oceanic modules for POPs and Hg Reactants ant aerosol: Development of chemical modules Pollutants: Hg atmospheric chemistry, wind re-suspension of HMs

Multi-scale simulations Nesting in GLEMOS: regional simulations in lat-lon projection Global Hg deposition (Jan 2009) (1°×1°) Hg deposition in Europe (0.25°×0.25°) Nesting procedure: Consistent geometries of inner and outer domains (projection, grids, vertical layers etc.) Possibility to use the same meteorological driver (WRF) Use of the same model code for different scales Temporal resolution of boundary exchange from hourly to monthly

Multi-scale simulations GLEMOS application for local scale simulations in Europe Hg deposition over the Netherlands (0.05°×0.05°) Hg deposition in Europe (0.25°×0.25°)

Multi-media simulations of POPs and Hg Development of oceanic modules for POPs and Hg Concentration of PCB-153 in seawater (2009) New developments: Implementation of new oceanological driver for multi-media modelling Evaluation of POP oceanic transport in long-term simulations (1930-2010) Data collection and development of parameterization for Hg chemistry in seawater Atlantic ocean transect at 45°N (July 2009) Longitude D e p t h , k m 60W 50W 40W 30W 20W 10W 0.01 0.1 1 pg/L North America Europe

Development of reactants and aerosol modules for GLEMOS Chemical reactants and aerosol Development of reactants and aerosol modules for GLEMOS Annual mean SO2 air concentration, mg[S]/m3 Concentration in precipitation, mg[S]/L Purpose: Support and improvement of HM and POP simulations with consistent data on reactants (SOx, O3, OH, BrO, …) and aerosol Approach: Implementation of existing full scale or simplified chemical schemes Primarily based on developments available within EMEP (MSC-W model) Keeping the modular approach

New developments in Hg modelling Update and evaluation of Hg chemical scheme BrO (15 Apr 2009) Ny Ålesund Hg0 (15 Apr 2009) Ny Ålesund Recent updates: Assimilation of daily BrO satellite measurements Further evaluation of Hg chemistry with halogens (Br, BrO) Improvement of the of the AMDEs mechanism in the Arctic Refinement of Hg re-emission from snow Ny Ålesund (Norway) 15 Apr 2009

Simulation of dust suspension event from Ukraine, March 2007 Testing dust suspension scheme Simulation of dust suspension event from Ukraine, March 2007 Objective of the study: Evaluation and improvement of the dust suspension from arable lands 23-25 March 2007 PM10 measurements in Germany, Czechia, Slovakia and Poland Southern Ukraine Wind-blown dust from arable lands in southern Ukraine Approach: Modelling of wind-blown dust episode (23-25 March 2007) Evaluation vs. detailed PM national observations Observations: Germany (UBA) – 302 sites Czech Rep. (CHMI) – 69 sites Slovakia (SHMU) – 27 sites Source: Birmili et al., 2008

Simulation of dust suspension from arable lands Modelling wind-blown dust episode Simulation of dust suspension from arable lands PM10 suspension flux in Europe 20 Mar 2007 23 Mar 2007 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 18 Mar 07 19 Mar 07 20 Mar 07 21 Mar 07 22 Mar 07 23 Mar 07 24 Mar 07 25 Mar 07 26 Mar 07 27 Mar 07 28 Mar 07 PM10 total suspension, kg/day x 10 9 Total PM10 suspension from southern Ukraine and Russia 12-28 Mar 2007 24 Mar 2007 25 Mar 2007

Simulation of atmospheric transport of wind-blown dust Modelling wind-blown dust episode Simulation of atmospheric transport of wind-blown dust Peak: 24 Mar (05h-24h) DEHH015 Simulated primary PM10 (24 March) Peak: 25 Mar (00h-21h) GB36 Note: The model generally overestimates observed peaks

Evaluation and improvement of the model dust scheme Modelling wind-blown dust episode Evaluation and improvement of the model dust scheme Dust event average PM10 concentration Model modifications: Refinement of soil data: ISLSCP (1°×1°) → HSWD (0.08°×0.08°) Revision of micro-meteorological parameters (roughness, front area index etc.) DEHH015 GB36

Refinement of HM enrichment parameters for topsoil Wind re-suspension of HMs Refinement of HM enrichment parameters for topsoil Košetice (CZ3) Methodology: HM content in soil based on soil measured (FOREGS atlas) Surface layer enrichment proportional to multi-year HM deposition to different LC types Annual mean Pb concentration in air (2007)

Application of adjoint modelling for evaluation of emission fields July 2007 Influence function for CZ3 CZ3 Adjoint model: An adjoint model to a CTM provides estimates of spatially resolved influence functions ∂C/∂E for a chosen receptor: Applied approach: Simulation of daily influence functions for particular receptor (CZ3) Pb concentration in air (2007) Variational optimization of emission fields (anthropogenic and re-suspension) to minimize model-measurement discrepancies at selected receptor Košetice (CZ3) Analysis of the optimized fields from the view point of possible emission uncertainties

Optimization of HM anthropogenic emissions distribution Application of adjoint modelling Optimization of HM anthropogenic emissions distribution Pb concentration in air (2007) October 2007 Influence function CZ3 Optimized (anthrop.) Optimization coefficients CZ3 Anthrop. emissions Changes of total Pb emission

Optimization of HM re-suspension distribution Application of adjoint modelling Optimization of HM re-suspension distribution Pb concentration in air (2007) March 2007 Influence function CZ3 Optimized (re-susp.) Arable lands Urban areas Optimization coefficients CZ3 Bare lands

Main future directions Multi-media approach: Development and implementation of oceanic modules for Hg Pollutants and processes: Extension of GLEMOS parameterizations to cover wide range of POPs (HCB, PAHs, PCDD/Fs) Further refinement and evaluation of HM re-suspension scheme (urban and arid areas, seasalt aerosol) Multi-scale simulations and the model code: Further work on adaptation of GLEMOS for regional scale simulations within EMEP (0.2°×0.2°) Preparation of the GLEMOS code for distribution as open source software