1. Status of development of the MSC-E Hemispheric/global model
8th TFMM meeting, Dessau, 2007
Status of development of the MSC-E Hemispheric/global model
Alexey Gusev, Victor Shatalov, Oleg Travnikov
EMEP/MSC-E

2. Main tasks of hemispheric/global modeling
8th TFMM meeting, Dessau, 2007
Main tasks of hemispheric/global modeling
Evaluation of:
EMEP region pollution by external sources
influence of European sources on remote regions
boundary conditions for regional models
intercontinental transport
pollution levels on hemispheric/global scale

3. MSC-E hemispheric model
8th TFMM meeting, Dessau, 2007
MSC-E hemispheric model
Horizontal structure:
Coverage – Northern Hemisphere
Resolution – 2.5°×2.5°
Vertical structure:
(s-p) coordinate system
9 layers up to 16 km

4. MSCE-POP hemispheric model
8th TFMM meeting, Dessau, 2007
MSCE-POP hemispheric model
Atmosphere
Underlying surface

5. MSCE-HM-Hem hemispheric model
8th TFMM meeting, Dessau, 2007
MSCE-HM-Hem hemispheric model
Model scheme of Hg behavior in the atmosphere
Mercury forms considered in the model:
Hg0gas - gaseous elemental
Hg(II) - gaseous oxidized
Hgpart - particulate oxidized
Hg0aq - elemental dissolved
Hg2+aq - mercury ion
Hg(SO3)2-2 - sulphite complex
HgnClm - chloride complexes

6. Meteorological input data
8th TFMM meeting, Dessau, 2007
Meteorological input data
Preprocessor:
SDA (System of Diagnosis of low Atmosphere) , Hydrometeorological Centre of Russia
Input data:
NCEP/DOE or ECMWF re-analysis data
Parameters derived from SDA:
- Horizontal wind components
- Vertical wind speed
- Air temperature
- Cloudiness
- Precipitation
- Turbulent coefficient
- Surface pressure
- Surface temperature
- Monin-Obukhov length scale
- Friction velocity

7. Pollution distribution in different media
8th TFMM meeting, Dessau, 2007
Pollution distribution in different media
PCB concentrations and depositions for 1996
pg/m3
pg/l
g/km2/y
Seawater concentrations
Air concentrations
Depositions

8. Long-term variations of pollution
8th TFMM meeting, Dessau, 2007
Long-term variations of pollution
PCB-153 accumulation and redistribution in media ( )

9. Nesting of hemispheric and regional MSC-E models
8th TFMM meeting, Dessau, 2007
Nesting of hemispheric and regional MSC-E models
EMEP region
Hemispheric models
Coverage – Northern Hemisphere
Resolution – 2.5°×2.5°
One-way nesting
Regional models
Coverage – EMEP region
Resolution – 50×50 km2

10. Hg intercontinental transport
8th TFMM meeting, Dessau, 2007
Hg intercontinental transport
Hg deposition to Germany
Hg deposition to the UK
Contribution of non-European sources to Hg depositions in the NH
EMEP region
25-60% of Hg depositions in Europe comes from global sources

11. PCDD/F intercontinental transport
8th TFMM meeting, Dessau, 2007
PCDD/F intercontinental transport
Austria
25%
Slovakia 6%
Poland 5%
Germany 8%
Czech
Republic 9%
Other
15%
non-European
sources
17%
Re-emission
Finland
Other
16%
Poland 6%
Russian
Federation 5%
Ukraine 3%
Sweden
21%
non-European
sources
40%
Re-emission
Contributions of different emission sources to total depositions of 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF over Austria and Finland

12. Pollution of remote regions
8th TFMM meeting, Dessau, 2007
Pollution of remote regions
Hg deposition in the Arctic
Total annual Hg deposition in the Northern Hemisphere

13. Evaluation vs. measurements
8th TFMM meeting, Dessau, 2007
Evaluation vs. measurements
Spatial variation (annual mean values)
- air concentrations
- wet deposition flux
TGM concentration
Hg wet deposition

14. Evaluation vs. measurements
8th TFMM meeting, Dessau, 2007
Evaluation vs. measurements
 4
 1/4
Location of sites measuring PCBs
 4
 4
PCB-28
 1/4
 1/4
 4
 1/4
 4
PCB-153
 1/4
Annual mean air concentrations of PCB congeners, pg/m3

15. Evaluation of intercontinental transport
8th TFMM meeting, Dessau, 2007
Evaluation of intercontinental transport
TF HTAP coordinated Multi-Model Intercomparison and Evaluation Study :
1) Evaluation of source-receptor relationships
20% decrease of emission in selected regions: North America, Europe, East Asia, South Asia
NOx/NMVOC/CO/SO2/NH3, CH4, Hg, POPs, aerosols
Base meteorological year: 2001
Each group uses own emissions estimates.
2) Tracer experiments …

16. MSCE-POP and MSCE-HM-Hem results
8th TFMM meeting, Dessau, 2007
MSCE-POP and MSCE-HM-Hem results
Europe
Eastern Asia
PCB-153 Hg
Decrease of total air concentrations due to 20% emission reduction in different source regions

17. Limitations of hemispheric modeling approach
8th TFMM meeting, Dessau, 2007
Limitations of hemispheric modeling approach
Necessity of definition of boundary conditions along the equator

18. Further development of MSC-E hemispheric/global approach
8th TFMM meeting, Dessau, 2007
Further development of MSC-E hemispheric/global approach
Selection of a meteorological preprocessor for the global scale
Extension of model geometry to the global scale
Extension of vertical coverage to include lower stratosphere
Compilation of land cover information and climatological fields necessary for global modeling
Develop common flexible global modeling system for the pollutants considered within EMEP

19. Requirements for meteorological preprocessor
8th TFMM meeting, Dessau, 2007
Requirements for meteorological preprocessor
Global scale coverage
Possibility to use ECMWF meteorological analyses
Availability of required output parameters
Data assimilation
Possibility to change horizontal and vertical resolution
Nesting capabilities
Documentation and support for external users

20. List of required meteorological parameters
8th TFMM meeting, Dessau, 2007
List of required meteorological parameters
U, V Horizontal wind components
Ps Surface pressure
Tair Air temperature
Qv Water vapour mixing ratio
QL Liquid water mixing ratio
QI Ice mixing ratio
Rconv Convective precipitation
Rlarge Large-scale precipitation
Kz Turbulent coefficient
Ts Surface temperature
L Monin-Obukhov length scale
U* Friction velocity
Hsnow Snow cover height

21. 8th TFMM meeting, Dessau, 2007
Selection of meteorological preprocessor and driving meteorological input
Possible meteorological preprocessors: - Portable Unified Model (UK Met Office) - Global Environmental Multi-scale model (Environment Canada)
The use of meteorological analyses of ECMWF as driving meteorological input is agreed: - Global datasets with resolution 1˚x1˚ or finer ( dataset for 2005 is downloaded and in work )

22. Compilation of geophysical input data
8th TFMM meeting, Dessau, 2007
Compilation of geophysical input data
Identification and comparison of global land-use datasets
TF HTAP expressed the need to compile global land-use information for its multi-model intercomparison study
Compilation of other input information: - data on leaf area index - climatological data (sea surface temperature, snow cover) - spatial distribution of emission sources - poputation density

23. Harmonization of MSC-E and MSC-W dust re-suspension schemes
8th TFMM meeting, Dessau, 2007
Harmonization of MSC-E and MSC-W dust re-suspension schemes
Agreement on dust re-suspension description and parameters
Collection and processing of information on soil size distribution and clay content to produce common dataset of soil properties
Implementation of the agreed parameterisations
Performing coordinated tests and comparison with measurements

24. Global inventories of emissions
8th TFMM meeting, Dessau, 2007
Global inventories of emissions
Global emission inventories for HMs: mercury, lead
Global emission inventories for POPs: PCBs, HCHs, HCB
Anthropogenic emissions of Hg (1990, 1995, 2000)
CGEIC website
AMAP website

25. Global inventories of emissions
8th TFMM meeting, Dessau, 2007
Global inventories of emissions
Global emission inventories for HMs: mercury, lead
Global emission inventories for POPs: PCBs, HCHs, HCB
TF HTAP encourages development of global emission data for studies of intercontinental transport on the basis of GEIA, CGEIC, etc.

26. 8th TFMM meeting, Dessau, 2007
Concluding remarks
Developed MSC-E hemispheric models permit to reflect general peculiarities of Hg and POP atmospheric transport within the Northern Hemisphere
Limitations of hemispheric approach, connected with definition of boundary conditions, can lead to the uncertainties in computed levels of pollution
MSC-E has started to work on the development of global modeling approach for HMs and POPs in cooperation with MSC-W: - Selection of meteorological driver - Downloading of driving meteorological data - Compilation of necessary geophysical information - Further development of parameterization of re-suspension