1. Heavy metal pollution assessment within EMEP
Oleg Travnikov, Ilia Ilyin, Olga Rozovskaya (MSC-E) Wenche Aas, Katrine Aspmo Pfaffhuber (CCC)

2. Reports of MSC-E and CCC
Outline
EMEP reporting 2018 on heavy metals
New challenges for monitoring of heavy metals
Status of operational model assessment
Cooperation with national experts
Country-scale pollution assessment (overview)
Evaluation of national emissions
City pollution assessment
Cooperation with international organizations
Contribution to Global Mercury Assessment 2018
Reports of MSC-E and CCC
Detailed information: 2

3. New tasks of pollution assessment require additional data
Monitoring of heavy metals: New challenges
New tasks of pollution assessment require additional data
Monitoring of heavy metals (Cd)
Main task:
Background monitoring of HM transboundary pollution (EMEP network, 66 sites)
New tasks:
Pollution assessment with fine resolution
Do we need closer integration of various monitoring data for
pollution assessment within EMEP and WGE?
Germany
(e.g. biomonitoring, ~4000 moss sites)
Assessment of city pollution
(e.g. AirBase, ~500 sites)

4. Model assessment of heavy metal pollution on the new EMEP grid
Operational model assessment
Model assessment of heavy metal pollution on the new EMEP grid
Model assessment of Pb deposition (2016)
Hg deposition to different land cover types (inland waters)
Output information (on the web):
Pollution patterns in all EMEP countries
Evaluation vs. measurements
Transboundary transport
Ecosystem-specific deposition

5. Country-scale pollution assessment
Co-operation with national experts
Country-scale pollution assessment
Overview of multiple case studies for the EMEP countries ( )
Objective:
Assessment of HM and POP pollution on a country scale involving national experts and variety of national data
Countries involved:
Czech Republic, Croatia, Netherlands, Belarus, UK, Poland, Spain, France, Germany
Main outcomes:
Refined information on pollution patterns
Detailed source apportionment
Evaluation of national emissions
Initial study of city pollution and urban increment of heavy metals in PM
Main outcomes:
Refined information on pollution patterns
Detailed source apportionment
Evaluation of national emissions
Initial study of city pollution and urban increment of heavy metals in PM
Participating countries

6. Evaluation of national emissions
Co-operation with national experts
Evaluation of national emissions
Use of modelling and measurements for construction of emissions scenario
Cd air concentration in Poland
0.0
0.3
0.6
0.9
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Air concentration, ng/m 3
PL0505
Cd emissions in Poland
Residential combustion
Other sectors
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Emission, tonnes/year
PL0505
Measurements
Modelling (original)
Scenario
Modelling (scenario)

7. Annual anthropogenic emissions of Cd in Poland in 2014
Co-operation with national experts
Evaluation of national emissions
Annual anthropogenic emissions of Cd in Poland in 2014
Original
Scenario
Total: 13.6 t/y
Total: 17.2 t/y (26% increase)
Modelling results along with measurements can be used as an independent tool for evaluation of reported emissions
Discussed at TFEIP meeting, Sofia, Bulgaria, April 2018

8. Model assessment of Cd pollution in cities of Poland
City pollution assessment
Model assessment of Cd pollution in cities of Poland
Cities of Poland involved in study
Assessment approach:
Model simulations with fine resolution (0.1°×0.1°)
Evaluation vs. measurements at urban background sites (AirBase)
Source apportionment of Cd concentrations in urban areas
Evaluation of the urban increment of city pollution
Cd air concentrations
averaged over all urban sites
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Concentration in air, ng/m 3
Measurements
Model

9. Evaluation of contribution of city sources to Cd concentration in PM
Co-operation with national experts
City pollution assessment
Evaluation of contribution of city sources to Cd concentration in PM
Cd air concentration in Polish cities
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
Warsaw
Gdansk
Krakow
Poznan
Szeczin
Katowice
Wroclav
Lyublin
Lodz
Bydgos
Bialostok
Cd air concentrations, ng/m3
- city sources
- external sources
Relative contribution of city sources 20 40 60 80
Warsaw
Gdansk
Krakow
Poznan
Szeczin
Katowice
Wroclav
Lyublin
Lodz
Bydgos
Bialostok
Contribution of city sources, %
- Cd (GLEMOS)
- PM2.5 (SHERPA)
Emission sources in large industrial cities contribute more Cd to atmospheric aerosol than in smaller towns of the country

10. Multi-model assessment of Hg pollution
Co-operation with international organizations
Multi-model assessment of Hg pollution
Co-operation with UN Environment and AMAP for Global Mercury Assessment 2018
Hg wet deposition, 2015 (model ensemble)
Modelling groups:
Institution
Model
EMEP/MSC-E
GLEMOS
Environment Canada (Canada)
GEM-MACH-Hg
MIT (USA)
GEOS-Chem
CNR-IIA (Italy)
ECHMERIT
NOAA (USA)
HYSPLIT
HZG (Germany)
CMAQ-Hg
Lamar University (USA)
Evaluation against observations 1 10 40
Model, g/km2/y
Observed, g/km2/y
Environment Canada
* MSC-E contribution to GMA 2018 was funded by UN Environment/AMAP

11. Multi-model assessment of Hg pollution
Co-operation with international organizations
Multi-model assessment of Hg pollution
Co-operation with UN Environment and AMAP for Global Mercury Assessment 2018
Main results:
g/km2/y 1 2 3 4 2 4 6 8 10 12
g/km2/y
Hg deposition (2015)
Hg anthropogenic deposition to Europe
Europe
48%
East Asia
18%
Africa 8%
CIS 6%
South Asia 5%
Southeast Asia 4%
Other
11%
Global pattern of Hg pollution levels based on updated emission inventory
Estimates of Hg intercontinental transport
Assessment of Hg atmospheric loads to aquatic regions
Evaluation of Hg deposition from different emission sectors
Source regions
Europe
Africa
Middle East
North America
Central America
South America
South Asia
East Asia
Southeast Asia
Australia and NZ
CIS countries
Antarctica
Arctic
Other regions
International cooperation improves pollution assessment within EMEP by possibility to refine the modelling tools and involve variety of input data

12. Workplan elements for 2019 (science part, according to bi-annual workplan 2018-2019)
Country-scale assessment of HM pollution (Germany)
Collection of country-specific information (emission, meteorological and geophysical data) for 2016
National scale simulations of Hg, Pb and Cd concentration and deposition maps with fine resolution (0.1°×0.1°) for 2016
Detailed evaluation of modeling results for Hg, Pb and Cd vs. observations and analysis of discrepancies
Evaluation of multi-compartment intercontinental transport of Hg
Development of multi-compartment modelling approach for Hg
Evaluation of secondary emissions of Hg and their contribution to pollution of the EMEP countries