1. Model assessment of HM and POP pollution of the EECCA region
Oleg Travnikov
Meteorological Synthesizing Centre - East

2. Complex assessment of HM and POP pollution within EMEP region
EMEP pollution assessment
Complex assessment of HM and POP pollution within EMEP region
Monitoring network (EMEP countries, CCC)
Model assessment of pollution levels (MSC-E)
Emissions reporting
(EMEP countries, CEIP)

3. Monitoring data in EECCA region
Monitoring of heavy metals (Cd)
HM and POP measurements:
EMEP measurements allow evaluation of modelling results
No EMEP measurement data is available in ECCAA region
Measurements from national networks (co-operation with CCC is needed)
Heavy metal measurements in moss (WGE/ICP Vegetation)

4. Status of heavy metal and POP emissions reporting in 2018
Emissions reporting in EECCA region
Status of heavy metal and POP emissions reporting in 2018
Country
Total
Grid
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Georgia
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Republic of Moldova
Russian Federation
Tajikistan
Turkmenistan
Ukraine
Uzbekistan
Pb reported emissions for 2016
and expert estimates (CEIP)
- reported and used
- reported, not used
CEIP Technical Report 02/2018

5. Information on pollution of EMEP countries
Pb deposition (2016)
Data on HM and POP pollution updated annually:
Concentration/deposition maps
Belarus
Armenia
Available at

6. Information on pollution of EMEP countries
Cd deposition from foreign sources in Georgia (2016)
Source apportionment of Cd deposition in Georgia
Russia (117 kg)
Turkey (73 kg)
Georgia (69 kg)
Ukraine (33 kg)
Other (31 kg)
Armenia (16 kg)
Data on HM and POP pollution updated annually:
Concentration/deposition maps
Country-to-country transboundary transport
Available at

7. Information on pollution of EMEP countries
Changes of Hg deposition in Republic of Moldova ( )
Changes of Hg deposition in Armenia ( ) 4 3 2 1
g/km2 /month
Value Main Comp Trend
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1997
1996
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Data on HM and POP pollution updated annually:
Concentration/deposition maps
Country-to-country transboundary transport
Long-term trends of pollution levels
Available at

8. Ecosystem-specific deposition for evaluation of adverse effects
Information for exposure assessment
Ecosystem-specific deposition for evaluation of adverse effects
Hg deposition inland waters (2016)
Hg deposition to forests (2016)

9. Information for exposure assessment
Model estimates of HM and POP deposition to watersheds of rivers and lakes
Glåma watershed
Hg deposition in 2016
Hg deposition to LC categories of Glåma watershed
Coniferous forests
46%
Shrubs
26%
Grassland 8%
Wooden grassland
Mixed forest 4%
Other

10. Model assessment of human exposure to high B(a)P levels
Information for exposure assessment
Model assessment of human exposure to high B(a)P levels
B(a)P air concentration (2017)
Population in areas with exceeded EU target value (1 ng/m3) for B(a)P
Exceedances of B(a)P limits in EMEP countries:
EU target value (1 ng/m3)
17% of urban (10% of total) population
WHO reference level (0.12 ng/m3)
46% of urban (75% of total) population

11. Measurements of B(a)P concentrations in Europe (AirBase)
Analysis of implementation of POP Protocol
Measurements of B(a)P concentrations in Europe (AirBase)
B(a)P measurements (AirBase) 1 2 3 4 5 PL HR SI AT LT IT CZ FR GB IE NO CH DE FI CY BE EE
B(a)P in air, ng/m 15
Average measured levels of B(a)P in EMEP countries
Changes of measured B(a)P in Europe
EU target level
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
BaP in air, ng/m3
EU target value
B(a)P emissions in EMEP countries
Joint efforts of TFTEI, EMEP and Parties are needed for preparation to review POP Protocol. MSC-E can contribute with appropriate model estimates

12. Country-scale pollution assessment
Objective:
Assessment of HM and POP pollution on a country scale involving national experts and variety of national data
Countries involved:
Czech Republic, Croatia, Netherlands, UK, Poland, Spain, France, Germany, Belarus
Main outcomes:
Detailed information on pollution patterns
Source apportionment and contribution of emission sectors
Evaluation of national emissions
Recommendations for assessment improvement
Participating countries

13. Compilation of country-scale input information
Heavy metal pollution in Belarus
Compilation of country-scale input information
Emissions data (lead):
Gridded emissions - 10×10 km2
Source categories
Large-point sources
- National background site
- National urban sites
- EMEP site
- Urban background sites (AirBase)
Location of measurement sites
Berezinsky
reserve
PL5 (EMEP)
Pb emissions in Belarus in 2010
Monitoring data:
National background (1 site)
National urban (19 sites)
EMEP sites (1 site, Poland)
Urban background (5 sites, Poland)
Geophysical information:
Meteorological data
Land cover
Heavy metal concentration in soil

14. Model assessment of Pb pollution levels in the country
Heavy metal pollution in Belarus
Model assessment of Pb pollution levels in the country
- Secondary
- Other anthrop.
- City
- non-EMEP
0.0
0.5
1.0
Average deposition, kg/km /y 2
Contribution of industrial combustion sector
Detailed information for the country:
Pb deposition in Belarus
Pollution levels with fine spatial resolution (10×10 km2)
- Poland
- Ukraine
- Germany
- Italy
- Belarus
Source-receptor relationships for the country and its regions
Pollution of large cities
Pollution from various emission sectors

15. Comparison of model and observations data at urban sites
Heavy metal pollution in Belarus
Comparison of model and observations data at urban sites
0.5 1 2 10
100
Model, ng/m 3
Observed, ng/m
Model vs. observations at urban sites (Belarus)
Pb concentration in Belarus (2012)

16. Comparison of model and observations data at urban sites
Heavy metal pollution in Belarus
Comparison of model and observations data at urban sites
Urban observations of Pb in European countries (AirBase)
-20 20 40 60
Belarus
Poland
Czech Rep.
Germany
Spain
Pb air concentrations, ng/m 3
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
Belarus
Poland
Czech Rep.
Germany
Spain
Mean emission flux, kg/km 2 /y
Mean emission flux of Pb in European countries
Location of urban sites
Base map: Pb emissions flux (2012)
National emission data for Belarus can still contain significant uncertainties Co-operation with TFEIP is encouraged

17. Evaluation of national emissions (Poland)
Use of modelling and measurements for construction of emissions scenario
Cd air concentration in Poland
0.0
0.3
0.6
0.9
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Air concentration, ng/m 3
PL0505
Cd emissions in Poland
Residential combustion
Other sectors
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Emission, tonnes/year
PL0505
Measurements
Modelling (original)
Scenario
Modelling (scenario)

18. Annual anthropogenic emissions of Cd in Poland in 2014
Evaluation of national emissions (Poland)
Annual anthropogenic emissions of Cd in Poland in 2014
Original
Scenario
Total: 13.6 t/y
Total: 17.2 t/y (26% increase)
Emissions of Cd from residential combustion are, probably, underestimated in the south and southwest parts of the country

19. Country-scale studies for EECCA countries
What is needed?
Wiliness to take part (actively)
National emissions data (with fine resolution)
National measurements
Participation of national experts in the analysis