THE COLD WAR 1946-1950.

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Presentation transcript:

THE COLD WAR 1946-1950

provides an interpretation of Soviet intentions and characteristics. The Long Telegram Feb. 22, 1946 A document by George F. Keenan, a Russian specialist in the American embassy in Moscow. provides an interpretation of Soviet intentions and characteristics. They perceive themselves to be at war with capitalism They respond to force, not logic It later contributes to NSC-68 & containment

IRON CURTAIN SPEECH March 05, 1946 A speech made by Winston Churchill to American students in Fulton, Missouri. It referred to the division between Soviet dominated Europe and Western Europe as an “Iron Curtain”.

Truman Doctrine March 12, 1947 A policy by which the US will give military support to any country resisting totalitarian (communist) domination. May of 1947- $400 million in military aid was given to Greece and Turkey.

MaRshall Plan June 05, 1947 Named after US Sec. of State, George Marshall. A policy by which the US contributed to the economic rebuilding of Europe. $13 billion was spent from ’48-’52, leading to a 25% increase in economic output.

German Currency June 21, 1948 The Allies introduce the Deutsche Mark, a new currency for W. Germany and West Berlin. The Soviets previously devalued the Reichsmark. The USSR wants a weak Germany, the West wants a rebuilt Germany. June 22, 1948 Soviets announce the Ostmark and insist it is the only currency of Berlin. Soviets threaten the west with economic sanctions.

Berlin Blockade June 24, 1948 The Soviets block all road, rail, and water access to the western zones of Berlin. June 25, 1948 Allies announce “Operation Vittles”, the operational name for the Berlin Airlift. The Allies intend to supply all food, medicine, fuel & other necessities to Berlin. Berlin becomes a symbol of Western intentions and their commitment to democracy.

The Berlin Airlift June 25, 1948 – Sept. 1949 The allies supplied 2.5 million people. 4,500 tons/day Three airports were used; planes landed continuously, in 3 minute intervals, 24/7. The Soviets harassed the aircraft (jamming, drifting balloons & spotlights). May 11, 1949 Blockade ended (airlift continued until September- just in case…)

NATO April 04, 1949 The allies announce the North Atlantic Treaty Organization A defensive military and economic alliance. An attack on one would be considered an attack on all. The purpose was to oppose any aggressive Soviet activity, and commit the US to defending Western Europe.

The Tale of Two Germanies April 23, 1949 The allies announce the Federal Republic of Germany, (West Germany). The goal of a unified Germany is not viable. Sept. 15, 1949 Konrad Adenauer becomes the first Chancellor of West Germany. October 07, 1949 The Soviets announce the creation of the German Democratic Republic (East Germany)

Bad to worse… August 29, 1949 The Soviets test their first Atomic Bomb October 01, 1949 Communists win the civil war in China. The world’s most populous country becomes communist. February 14, 1950 USSR & China commit to mutual defence.

CONCLUSION: POLICY April 14, 1950 NSC-68: National Security Council Report affirming containment as the foreign policy of the United States. POLICY TESTED: June 25, 1950 North Korea Invades South Korea…