1. THE COLD WAR
Chapter 32-1

2. THE EAST-WEST SPLIT
IRON CURTAIN

3. THE IRON CURTAIN
The phrase “Iron Curtain” referred to the Soviet-made barrier that split Europe into Non-Communist Western Europe and Communist Eastern Europe

4. CONTAINING COMMUNISM
1947: the U.S. developed a new foreign policy called Containment to stop the spread of communism
1947: Truman Doctrine: Truman asked Congress for a $400 million aid program for Greece and Turkey

5. Turkey
Greece

6. CONTAINING COMMUNISM
1947: The Marshall Plan was approved by the U.S. to provide aid to Western European nations. By 1951 the U.S. had spent $13 Billion. The plan was a success.

7. THE MARSHALL PLAN AT WORK

8. GERMANY DIVIDED
In 1945, Germany had been divided into Four Zones controlled by Great Britain, France, the U.S. and the Soviet Union
The city of Berlin, deep within the Soviet Zone, was also divided into four sectors

9. Notice in which Zone Berlin is located

10. GERMANY DIVIDED
Western Allies and Soviets could not reach agreement on a final peace treaty for Germany
1948: Soviets blocked land access from the West into West Berlin, so Western countries airlifted needed supplies to the city
The success of the airlift finally forced the Soviets to lift the blockade in May 1949

14.                                                                  
9,000,000 lbs. of food per day
11 months
24/7
4,500 tons of food per day
$ 3 billion

16. GERMANY DIVIDED
That same month, the Western Allies went ahead with their plans for form an independent West German State
The Soviets then set up East Germany

17. NEW ALLIANCES
April 1949: North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was formed as an alliance system against Soviet aggression
1955: Soviet Union and it’s Eastern European allies signed a military agreement called the Warsaw Pact

18. NATO COUNTRIES

19. Warsaw Pact Countries