1. Europe and North America

2. The Beginnings of The Cold War

3. 1. Problems of Peace Occupying Germany
Germany was in ruins and had no functioning government
Allies had to establish a system to govern Germany and rebuild the nation

4. iii. Potsdam Conference
Temporarily divided Germany into 4 zones of occupation
Soviet Union occupied 1/3
Remaining 2/3 divided into 3 zones controlled by the U.S., France and Great Britain
Allies divided Germany’s capital Berlin, into 4 zones

7. 3. Established a plan to rid Germany of remnants of the Nazi party and beliefs
One way was through the Nuremburg Trials
Held in Nuremburg, Germany from
Allied Courts tried more than 200 Nazi and military leaders
Several dozen were sentenced to death for their role in the Holocaust and other war crimes

8. 4. Agreed to a plan for Germany to pay war reparations for the destruction caused by the war.

9. b. Eastern Europe Allies couldn’t agree what to do with Eastern Europe
Stalin wanted a buffer zone of friendly governments to guard against another attack
American and British leaders feared Stalin planned to establish a pro-communist government throughout Eastern Europe and beyond

10. 2. The Conflict Worsens The Struggle Begins The Cold War
An era of hostility and tension between the United States and the Soviet Union
Cold War was also a struggle for power and control between two nations with very different forms of government, economic systems and ways of life
Communism spread throughout Eastern Europe

11. iv. February Stalin stated publicly that a war between the East and West was bound to happen v. Winston Churchill will use the term “iron curtain” to describe the sharp division in Europe.

13. b. The West Resists The Truman Doctrine
Issued by President Truman
A pledge to provide economic and military aid to oppose the spread of communism
Truman believed that if economic conditions grew worse in Europe more countries would turn to communism

14. iii. The Marshall Plan
Launched in 1947
Massive U.S. economic aid program
Named after U.S. Secretary of State George Marshall
Plan provided 13 billion for rebuilding Europe
iv. Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan demonstrate the U.S. policy of containment

15. 3. Cold War Confrontations
Crisis in Berlin
1947
Western leaders began planning for an independent democratic German nation, to be formed from the 3 western zones of occupations
Planned to do the same in western Berlin

16. ii. 1948
Soviets blocked off all land, rail and water routes into Western Berlin
Soviets hoped this would force the West to leave Berlin
iii. Berlin Airlift
A massive effort to supply Western Berlin by air
Was successful and Soviets call off the blockade in May 1949

19. b. New Nations and Alliances
Germany will have two governments
West became the Federal Republic of Germany
East became the German Democratic Republic or East Germany

20. ii. NATO- North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Created in the aftermath of the Berlin airlift
Members: U.S., Canada and most Western European countries
Designed to counter Soviet power in Europe
iii. Warsaw Pact
Created in 1955
Members: Soviet Union and other Communist nations in Eastern Europe