1. The Cold War
THE COLD WAR

2. The Division of Berlin

3. “From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic an ‘iron curtain’ has descended across the Continent. Behind that line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of Central and Eastern Europe. Warsaw, Berlin, Prague, Vienna, Budapest, Belgrade, Bucharest, and Sofia; all these famous cities and the populations around them lie in what I must call the Soviet sphere, and all are subject, in one form or another, not only to Soviet influence but to a very high and in some cases increasing measure of control from Moscow.”
Iron Curtain Speech, 1946

4. Aid at Home and Abroad: GI BILL & Marshall Plan
G.I. Bill: provided college or vocational education for returning WWII Vets.
Also: one year of unemployment compensation.
Provided loans for homes & to start businesses.

5. The Marshall Plan
Primary program, 1947–51, of the US for rebuilding and creating a stronger Europe.
The plan was established on June 5, 1947.
offered to USSR & Allied, but they did not accept it
US gave $13 billion in economic aid

6. Berlin Crisis The Berlin Blockade (June 1948 – May 1949)
the first major crisis of the Cold War
USSR blocked the Western Allies railway/road access to parts of Berlin.
USSR’s goal was to allow USSR to supply Berlin with food and fuel
Would give Soviets practical control over the entire city.

7. Berlin Airlift
In response to the Crisis the Berlin Airlift (June ’48 – May ’49)
The RAF and USAF flew over 200,000 flights
Carried supplies to the people in West Berlin.
The Airlift humiliated the Soviets
Heightens tensions of the Cold War

8. North Atlantic Treaty Organization
NATO
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Military alliance formed in April of 1949
It is an organization of collective defense
member states agree to respond to an attack by any external party.
Original members:
Belgium Luxembourg
Canada Netherlands
Denmark Norway
France Portugal
Iceland United Kingdom
Italy United States
Add during the 1950s:
Greece Turkey
Germany

9. Uh Oh!: 1949 August, 1949 – Russia tests it’s first Atomic bomb.
October, 1949 – Mao Zedong takes power in China…Communism has spread.
1952 :: Hydrogen Bomb tested Much more powerful than the Atomic Bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki

10. III. Cold War: Harry Truman --- Foreign Policy
(1949)- Mao Zedong leads Communist takeover
in China (rival to Soviet Union)
REACTION:
Increased fears of
communist domination
U.S. spent $3 million
in support of Nationalist,
Chiang Kai-shek, only
to have failed!

11. NSC 68 NSC-68: U.S. National Security Report, 1950
*emphasizes Soviet aggression
*calls for massive U.S. military buildup
“The U.S.S.R.’s desire for World Domination requires
not only to this Republic but civilization itself take a stand”

12. The 1948 election was so close that some newspapers
had misprinted the results, declaring Republican
Candidate Dewey the winner. However, Truman had
in fact won the election and had the last laugh! 12

13. July 26, 1948 President Harry Truman issued Executive Order 9981
Desegregates US military.

14. Korean War [ ]

15. TIMELINE Korea controlled by Japan
1945
Korea controlled by Japan
Soviets occupied the NORTH, America the SOUTH
The two halves were divided by the 38th Parallel
1947
elections held South… supported by the US
North Korea had own govt. backed by the Soviets
Both sides claimed to be the rightful rulers of Korea

16. III. Cold War: Harry Truman --- Foreign Policy
Korean War ( ):
(June, 1950)
Communist North Korea
invades across the
38th parallel, attacking
democratic South Korea
Apply Cold War policy:
What should be the main
objective in the Korean War?

17. III. Cold War: Harry Truman --- Foreign Policy
U.N. troops (made up of
90% Americans)
defend South Korea
Led by
Douglas MacArthur

18. The Shifting Map of Korea [1950-1953]