1. The Truman Years 1945-1952 25.2 The Cold War

2. The Cold War 1945-1991 Time of suspicion, hostility, & competition between USA & USSR

3. Characteristics Creation of permanent alliances War by proxy rather than directly Propaganda war Costly & scary nuclear arms race Global competition for influence

4. Reasons for Tension Since 1917, Americans feared a global communist conspiracy Soviets distrusted capitalist nations & sought secure borders After WWII, both sides saw the other as aggressive

5. Early Conflicts Iran: U.S. ousts Soviet presence in Iran = cheated out of oil Stalin installs pro-soviet govts. throughout Eastern Europe By 1948: USSR controlled 7 satellite countries in Europe

7. Containing Soviet Power Winston Churchill warns of an iron curtain descending across Europe. Truman responded with policy of Containment by George Kennan Halt further communist expansion with force if necessary Halt further communist expansion with force if necessary

9. Truman Doctrine Policy of giving massive military & economic aid to countries resisting communism First applied to Greece & Turkey

10. Marshall Plan 3 year program of massive economic aid to rebuild Europe Meant to stop communism Soviet Union & satellites were offered aid but they refused. Huge Success!

12. June 1948: Stalin tried to seize West Berlin with a blockade

13. Western Allies respond by Airlifting supplies into West Berlin. Truman threatened war if any planes were shot down. Blockade failed, Stalin reopened city by May of 1949

16. Permanent Alliances US, Canada, and 10 other nations in Europe form NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization North Atlantic Treaty Organization Pledge of mutual defense from attack Pledge of mutual defense from attack Soviet Union & satellites respond by forming the Warsaw Pact

18. Revolution in China Long civil war ends, communists under Mao Zedong control mainland China = People’s Republic born! Chiang Kai-shek flees to Taiwan. U.S. refused to recognize Red China until 1979!

20. Sept. 1949 Soviets Close the Nuclear Gap with their first successful test! Nuclear Arms Race Begins!