THE HIGH AND LATE MIDDLE AGES

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Presentation transcript:

THE HIGH AND LATE MIDDLE AGES Chapter 14 THE HIGH AND LATE MIDDLE AGES

Monarchs, nobles and the church Nobles and the Church had far more power – land Battle of Hastings – William vs. Harold English kings – Christmas day, 1066 William, Duke of Normandy

William the Conqueror Now the king of England, too Monitored his lands Domesday Book Royal exchequer

Domesday Book Census for tax purposes

Henry II Inherited the throne Traveling justices – what does this sound like? Common law – legal system based on custom and court rulings Jury – group of men sworn to speak the truth

Henry II Wanted to try clergy in royal courts Thomas Becket says no Assassinated by four knights

King john Son of Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine Lost lands in Anjou and Normandy Archbishop of Canterbury issue Innocent III excommunicated him, interdict

King john 1215 – Magna Carta Due process of law habeas corpus Great Council - Parliament

France!!! Hugh Capet – Capetians for 300 years!! 987 Thought he was weak Played nobles against each other

Philip augustus Gained powers and land Albigensians

Louis IX 1226 Persecuted heretics Two crusades Traveling justices, ended serfdom, heard cases, became a saint in the church

Philiip IV Tried to collect taxes from the clergy Pope Boniface VIII says “God has set popes over kings and kingdoms” Philip sends troops to arrest the pope

The great schism Pope escapes but dies shortly after Benedict XI dies after eight months Clement V, a Frenchmen, is elected Four years later, moves the papal court to Avignon – Why?

The great schism A new pope is elected in Rome NOW THERE ARE TWO POPES!!!!!

Holy roman empire Germany to Italy Otto I becomes the King of Germany Otto defeats rebellious nobles of the pope so he crowned him “holy”

Henry IV and Gregory VII Gregory made many reforms – including banning lay investiture Lay investiture – lay person “invested” bishops with the ring and staff that symbolized their office. HRE Henry IV is not happy

Excommunication 1076 Henry is excommunicated Henry repented Crushed undermining nobles Sent pope into exile

Concordat of worms 1122 Church has the sole power to elect and invest bishops and the emperor could give them fiefs

Frederick I “frederick barbarossa” “Red Beard” Tried to unite Italy with the HRE