1. Bell Ringer What is a monarch?
How much power did monarchs have during the early Middle Ages?
Why was the Church important?

2. The High and Late Middle Ages (1050-1450)
Royal Power Grows

3. Monarchs, Nobles, and the Church
Here’s where we were:
Nobles and Church had equal power to Monarch
Fiercely guarded their positions
Hold courts
Collect taxes
Raise armies

4. Balance of Power Shifts (1000-1300)
In Feudal society, who would be responsible for administering punishments and hearing crimes?

5. Balance of Power Shifts (1000-1300)
Monarchs expand power
Royal justice
Is this a good thing?

6. Balance of Power Shifts (1000-1300)
Monarchs expand power
Royal justice
Organized government bureaucracies
Tax systems
Standing armies

7. Balance of Power Shifts (1000-1300)
Appealed directly to middle class
Brought:
Peace
Unity
Larger trade

8. English Kings Gain Power
400s-500s: Angles and Saxons conquered Roman colony
800s: Unified English kingdom emerged
1066: King Edward died without heir
Power Struggle
Harold vs. William

9. English Kings Gain Power
Harold (brother-in-law)
Familial rights
Crowned king
William (Duke of Normandy)
Backed by Pope and raised army
Qualified

10. English Kings Gain Power
William
Duke at age 7
Constantly in danger
4 guardians murdered
Knighted at 15
Helped Henry of France crush rebellions
Led army at age 20 against cousin

11. English Kings Gain Power
William and Norman Knights
Battle of Hastings
Defeated Harold

12. English Kings Gain Power
William the Conqueror
King of England: 1066
Made several changes

13. English Kings Gain Power
Changes gave more power to kings
Kept large amount of land instead of dividing it into fiefs
Monitored where castles are built
Vassals must swear first allegiance to him
Efficient tax collection system
Domesday Book: 1086
Royal exchequer

14. English Kings Gain Power
1154: King Henry II gets the throne
Expanded customs into laws
Developed new legal system
Traveling justices to enforce royal laws
English Common Law: legal system based on custom and court rulings
Disputes are taken to royal justice
Early jury system

15. English Kings Gain Power
Jury
“A group of men sworn to speak truth”
Determined cases that should be brought to trial
Later became 12 neighbors of accused person

16. English Kings Gain Power
Henry and the Clergy
Claimed right to try clergy in court
Servants of the court
Archbishop of Canterbury murdered

17. King John… Just Yuck Clash over taxes and royal authority
Son of Henry II
Shouldn’t be trusted!
Cruel and corrupt
Clashed with 3 powerful enemies

18. King John… You Can’t Win Them All (but some would be nice)
King Philip II of France
Pope Innocent III
English Nobles

19. King John… You Can’t Win Them All (but some would be nice)
King Philip II of France
War
Lost territory in France that had been part of the English kingdom since William (200 years)
Including Normandy
Pope Innocent III
English Nobles

20. King John… You Can’t Win Them All (but some would be nice)
King Philip II of France
Pope Innocent III
New archbishop selection process
John rejected nominee
Interdict (papal order) banned all of England
Excommunication
England is fief of the Church
English Nobles

21. King John… You Can’t Win Them All (but some would be nice)
King Philip II of France
Pope Innocent III
English Nobles
King John issued oppressive taxes, abused power
Barons forced him to sign the Magna Carta

22. Magna Carta Two Important Ideas: Nobles had certain natural rights
Eventually expanded to all English citizens
Monarch is required to obey the law

23. Magna Carta Does some other things too!
Townsfolk and Church have legal rights
Freemen can’t be arrested for no reason
No imprisonment without cause
Due process of law formed (legality)
Habeas Corpus: “Bring the Body”

24. Magna Carta King can no longer raise taxes Must consult nobles
Inspiration for American Revolution